Dietary Fiber Intake and Glycemic Control: Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) Study

Overview

Journal Nutr J

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2019 Apr 5

PMID 30943964

Citations 7

Authors

Arpita Basu

Amy C Alman

Janet K Snell-Bergeon

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Dietary fiber has been recommended for glucose control, and typically low intakes are observed in the general population. The role of fiber in glycemic control in reported literature is inconsistent and few reports are available in populations with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Using data from the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study [n = 1257; T1D: n = 568; non-diabetic controls: n = 689] collected between March 2000 and April 2002, we examined cross-sectional (baseline) and longitudinal (six-year follow-up in 2006-2008) associations of dietary fiber and HbA1c. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, and a physical examination and fasting biochemical analyses (12 h fast) at baseline visit and at the year 6 visit. We used a linear regression model stratified by diabetes status, and adjusted for age, sex and total calories, and diabetes duration in the T1D group. We also examined correlations of dietary fiber with HbA1c.

Results: Baseline dietary fiber intake and serum HbA1c in the T1D group were 16 g [median (IQ): 11-22 g) and 7.9 ± 1.3% mean (SD), respectively, and in the non-diabetic controls were 15 g [median (IQ): 11-21 g) and 5.4 ± 0.4%, respectively. Pearson partial correlation coefficients revealed a significant but weak inverse association of total dietary fiber with HbA1c when adjusted for age, sex, diabetes status and total calories (r = - 0.07, p = 0.01). In the adjusted linear regression model at baseline, total dietary fiber revealed a significant inverse association with HbA1c in the T1D group [β ± SE = - 0.32 ± 0.15, p = 0.034], as well as in the non-diabetic controls [- 0.10 ± 0.04, p = 0.009]. However, these results were attenuated after adjustment for dietary carbohydrates, fats and proteins, or for cholesterol and triglycerides. No such significance was observed at the year 6 follow-up, and with the HbA1c changes over 6 years.

Conclusion: Thus, at observed levels of intake, total dietary fiber reveals modest inverse associations with poor glycemic control. Future studies must further investigate the role of overall dietary quality adjusting for fiber-rich foods in T1D management.

Citing Articles

Longitudinal Three-Year Associations of Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Serum hs-C-Reactive Protein in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes.

Helm M, Basu A, Richardson L, Chien L, Izuora K, Alman A Nutrients. 2024; 16(13).

PMID: 38999806 PMC: 11243559. DOI: 10.3390/nu16132058.

Longitudinal Associations of Dietary Fiber Intake with Glycated Hemoglobin and Estimated Insulin Sensitivity in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes.

Basu A, Hooyman A, Richardson L, Alman A, Snell-Bergeon J Nutrients. 2023; 15(21).

PMID: 37960272 PMC: 10648902. DOI: 10.3390/nu15214620.

Dietary Factors Associated with Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Zakarneh S, Khial Y, Tayyem R Curr Pediatr Rev. 2023; 21(1):29-39.

PMID: 37608667 DOI: 10.2174/1573396320666230822095948.

Associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with coronary artery calcification and pericardial adiposity in a longitudinal study of adults with and without type 1 diabetes.

Basu A, Chien L, Alman A, Snell-Bergeon J Eur J Nutr. 2021; 60(7):3911-3925.

PMID: 33904996 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02564-6.

Associations of Dietary Patterns and Nutrients with Glycated Hemoglobin in Participants with and without Type 1 Diabetes.

Basu A, Alman A, Snell-Bergeon J Nutrients. 2021; 13(3).

PMID: 33806867 PMC: 8004940. DOI: 10.3390/nu13031035.

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