Clinical, Epidemiological and Echocardiographic Features and Prognostic Factors in Cats with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: A Retrospective Study of 92 Cases (2001-2015)

Overview

Journal J Vet Intern Med

Specialties General Medicine
Veterinary Medicine

Date 2019 Mar 30

PMID 30924221

Citations 13

Authors

Valerie Chetboul

Peggy Passavin

Emilie Trehiou-Sechi

Vassiliki Gouni

Camille Poissonnier

Jean-Louis Pouchelon

Loic Desquilbet

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a common primary cardiomyopathy of cats. However, little information is available regarding prognostic variables in large populations of cats with RCM.

Objectives: To characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of cats with RCM and to document their survival times and risk factors for cardiac death (CD).

Animals: Ninety-two cats with RCM.

Methods: Retrospective study. Diagnosis of RCM was based on echocardiographic and Doppler criteria. Median survival time to CD and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox models, respectively.

Results: The feline population (median age [interquartile range], 8.6 years [4.1-12.4]; body weight, 4.0 kg [3.3-4.7]) included 83 cats (90%) with the myocardial RCM form and 9 (10%) with the endomyocardial fibrosis RCM form. Most RCM cats (64/92, 70%) were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis, with dyspnea related to congestive heart failure in 57 of 64 cats (89%). The median survival time of the 69 cats with the myocardial RCM form and available follow-up was 667 days (range, 2-3710 days) considering CD. Independent of age, biatrial enlargement, and arrhythmias, increase of the left atrium (LA)-to-aorta (Ao) ratio (hazard ration [HR], 2.5 per 0.5-unit increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-4.2; P < .001) and presence of severe LA enlargement (end-diastolic LA : Ao ≥2; HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-8.7; P = .01) were significantly associated with shorter time to CD.

Conclusions And Clinical Importance: Cardiac death is common in RCM cats, and LA enlargement seems independently associated with decreased survival time in these cats.

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