Function and Regulation of Human Terminal Uridylyltransferases

Overview

Journal Front Genet

Date 2018 Nov 29

PMID 30483311

Citations 19

Authors

Yuka Yashiro

Kozo Tomita

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

RNA uridylylation plays a pivotal role in the biogenesis and metabolism of functional RNAs, and regulates cellular gene expression. RNA uridylylation is catalyzed by a subset of proteins from the non-canonical terminal nucleotidyltransferase family. In human, three proteins (TUT1, TUT4, and TUT7) have been shown to exhibit template-independent uridylylation activity at 3'-end of specific RNAs. TUT1 catalyzes oligo-uridylylation of U6 small nuclear (sn) RNA, which catalyzes mRNA splicing. Oligo-uridylylation of U6 snRNA is required for U6 snRNA maturation, U4/U6-di-snRNP formation, and U6 snRNA recycling during mRNA splicing. TUT4 and TUT7 catalyze mono- or oligo-uridylylation of precursor (). RNA is broadly expressed in somatic cells and regulates cellular proliferation and differentiation. Mono-uridylylation of by TUT4/7 promotes subsequent Dicer processing to up-regulate biogenesis. Oligo-uridylylation of by TUT4/7 is dependent on an RNA-binding protein, Lin28. Oligo-uridylylated is less responsive to processing by Dicer and degraded by an exonuclease DIS3L2. As a result, expression is repressed. Uridylylation of depends on the context of the 3'-region of and cell type. In this review, we focus on the 3' uridylylation of U6 snRNA and , and describe the current understanding of mechanism of activity and regulation of human TUT1 and TUT4/7, based on their crystal structures that have been recently solved.

Citing Articles

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