The Four Classes of Endogenous Murine Leukemia Virus: Structural Relationships and Potential for Recombination

Overview

Journal J Virol

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Date 1987 Sep 1

PMID 3039159

Citations 135

Authors

J P Stoye

J M Coffin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The process by which leukemogenic viruses are generated during the lifetime of certain strains of mice is poorly understood. We have therefore set out to define all the murine leukemia virus-related endogenous proviruses of HRS/J mice. We have cloned 34 different proviral fragments and their flanking cellular sequences. These have been characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, by fingerprinting in vitro-synthesized RNA, and by DNA sequencing. We conclude that all the proviruses can be assigned into one of four different classes: the previously characterized ecotropic, xenotropic, and polytropic viruses, as well as a new class we have termed modified polytropic viruses. The xenotropic, polytropic, and modified polytropic classes are closely related to one another, but as a group they differ considerably from the ecotropic class. Sequence analyses show that both polytropic and modified polytropic sequences can contribute env sequences to recombinant viruses.

Citing Articles

Macrophage variants in laboratory research: most are well done, but some are RAW.

Herb M, Schatz V, Hadrian K, Hos D, Holoborodko B, Jantsch J Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024; 14:1457323.

PMID: 39445217 PMC: 11496307. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1457323.

Antibody-induced internalisation of retroviral envelope glycoproteins is a signal initiation event.

Panova V, Attig J, Young G, Stoye J, Kassiotis G PLoS Pathog. 2020; 16(5):e1008605.

PMID: 32453763 PMC: 7274472. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008605.

Disrupting MLV integrase:BET protein interaction biases integration into quiescent chromatin and delays but does not eliminate tumor activation in a MYC/Runx2 mouse model.

Loyola L, Achuthan V, Gilroy K, Borland G, Kilbey A, Mackay N PLoS Pathog. 2019; 15(12):e1008154.

PMID: 31815961 PMC: 6974304. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008154.

Human APOBEC3G Prevents Emergence of Infectious Endogenous Retrovirus in Mice.

Treger R, Tokuyama M, Dong H, Salas-Briceno K, Ross S, Kong Y J Virol. 2019; 93(20).

PMID: 31341050 PMC: 6798113. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00728-19.

Distribution of endogenous gammaretroviruses and variants of the Fv1 restriction gene in individual mouse strains and strain subgroups.

Skorski M, Bamunusinghe D, Liu Q, Shaffer E, Kozak C PLoS One. 2019; 14(7):e0219576.

PMID: 31291374 PMC: 6619830. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219576.

References

Bosselman R, van Straaten F, Van Beveren C, Verma I, Vogt M . Analysis of the env gene of a molecularly cloned and biologically active Moloney mink cell focus-forming proviral DNA. J Virol. 1982; 44(1):19-31. PMC: 256237. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.44.1.19-31.1982. View

Machida C, Bestwick R, Boswell B, Kabat D . Role of a membrane glycoprotein in Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia: studies of mutant and revertant viruses. Virology. 1985; 144(1):158-72. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90314-9. View

Messing J, Vieira J . A new pair of M13 vectors for selecting either DNA strand of double-digest restriction fragments. Gene. 1982; 19(3):269-76. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90016-6. View

Lung M, Hartley J, Rowe W, Hopkins N . Large RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides encoding p15E and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat distinguish two biological classes of mink cell focus-forming type C viruses of inbred mice. J Virol. 1983; 45(1):275-90. PMC: 256410. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.45.1.275-290.1983. View

Kelly M, Holland C, Lung M, Chattopadhyay S, Lowy D, Hopkins N . Nucleotide sequence of the 3' end of MCF 247 murine leukemia virus. J Virol. 1983; 45(1):291-8. PMC: 256411. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.45.1.291-298.1983. View

Khan A, Martin M . Endogenous murine leukemia proviral long terminal repeats contain a unique 190-base-pair insert. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983; 80(9):2699-703. PMC: 393895. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.9.2699. View

Copeland N, Hutchison K, Jenkins N . Excision of the DBA ecotropic provirus in dilute coat-color revertants of mice occurs by homologous recombination involving the viral LTRs. Cell. 1983; 33(2):379-87. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90419-1. View

Biggin M, Gibson T, Hong G . Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983; 80(13):3963-5. PMC: 394179. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.13.3963. View

Clark S, Mak T . Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of Friend spleen focus-forming provirus: gp55 is an envelope fusion glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983; 80(16):5037-41. PMC: 384183. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.16.5037. View

10.

Ou C, BOONE L, Yang W . A novel sequence segment and other nucleotide structural features in the long terminal repeat of a BALB/c mouse genomic leukemia virus-related DNA clone. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983; 11(16):5603-20. PMC: 326300. DOI: 10.1093/nar/11.16.5603. View

11.

Loenen W, Blattner F . Lambda Charon vectors (Ch32, 33, 34 and 35) adapted for DNA cloning in recombination-deficient hosts. Gene. 1983; 26(2-3):171-9. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90187-7. View

12.

Thomas C, Khiroya R, Schwartz R, Coffin J . Role of recombinant ecotropic and polytropic viruses in the development of spontaneous thymic lymphomas in HRS/J mice. J Virol. 1984; 50(2):397-407. PMC: 255633. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.50.2.397-407.1984. View

13.

Quint W, Boelens W, van Wezenbeek P, Cuypers T, Maandag E, Selten G . Generation of AKR mink cell focus-forming viruses: a conserved single-copy xenotrope-like provirus provides recombinant long terminal repeat sequences. J Virol. 1984; 50(2):432-8. PMC: 255637. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.50.2.432-438.1984. View

14.

Etzerodt M, Mikkelsen T, Pedersen F, KJELDGAARD N, Jorgensen P . The nucleotide sequence of the Akv murine leukemia virus genome. Virology. 1984; 134(1):196-207. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90285-x. View

15.

Adachi A, Sakai K, Kitamura N, Nakanishi S, Niwa O, Matsuyama M . Characterization of the env gene and long terminal repeat of molecularly cloned Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus DNA. J Virol. 1984; 50(3):813-21. PMC: 255741. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.50.3.813-821.1984. View

16.

Khan A . Nucleotide sequence analysis establishes the role of endogenous murine leukemia virus DNA segments in formation of recombinant mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. J Virol. 1984; 50(3):864-71. PMC: 255747. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.50.3.864-871.1984. View

17.

Quint W, Boelens W, van Wezenbeek P, Robanus Maandag E, Berns A . Generation of AKR mink cell focus-forming virus: nucleotide sequence of the 3' end of a somatically acquired AKR-MCF. Virology. 1984; 136(2):425-34. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90178-8. View

18.

Chatis P, Holland C, Silver J, Frederickson T, Hopkins N, Hartley J . A 3' end fragment encompassing the transcriptional enhancers of nondefective Friend virus confers erythroleukemogenicity on Moloney leukemia virus. J Virol. 1984; 52(1):248-54. PMC: 254512. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.52.1.248-254.1984. View

19.

Levy D, Lerner R, Wilson M . Normal expression of polymorphic endogenous retroviral RNA containing segments identical to mink cell focus-forming virus. J Virol. 1985; 56(3):691-700. PMC: 252638. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.56.3.691-700.1985. View

20.

Horowitz J, Risser R . Molecular and biological characterization of the endogenous ecotropic provirus of BALB/c mice. J Virol. 1985; 56(3):798-806. PMC: 252650. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.56.3.798-806.1985. View