Acute Phase Protein Levels As An Auxiliary Tool in Diagnosing Viral Diseases in Ruminants-A Review

Overview

Journal Viruses

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2018 Sep 19

PMID 30223561

Citations 12

Authors

Daria Reczynska

Magdalena Zalewska

Michal Czopowicz

Jaroslaw Kaba

Lech Zwierzchowski

Emilia Bagnicka

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We examined acute phase protein (APP) concentrations in viral infections of dairy ruminants and assessed the potential role of characteristic patterns of APP changes in auxiliary diagnosing viral diseases. All viruses reviewed are common causes of farm animal diseases. APPs are among the first agents of immunity, and their concentrations could be diagnostically relevant. In the most common ruminant viral diseases, elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) levels in blood serum have been observed. However, since these proteins are the main APPs in many viral infections, it is impossible to use their levels for diagnosing particular infections. Decreased Cp and albumin expression could help differentiate the bluetongue virus infection from other diseases. Lastly, analysis of SAA levels in blood serum and milk could be helpful in diagnosing small ruminant lentivirus infection. While promising, APP levels can only be considered as an auxiliary tool in diagnosing viral diseases in ruminants.

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