The Peroxisome: an Update on Mysteries 2.0

Overview

Journal Histochem Cell Biol

Publisher Springer

Specialties Biochemistry
Cell Biology

Date 2018 Sep 17

PMID 30219925

Citations 127

Authors

Markus Islinger

Alfred Voelkl

H Dariush Fahimi

Michael Schrader

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Peroxisomes are key metabolic organelles, which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism, e.g. the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal dysfunction has been linked to severe metabolic disorders in man, but peroxisomes are now also recognized as protective organelles with a wider significance in human health and potential impact on a large number of globally important human diseases such as neurodegeneration, obesity, cancer, and age-related disorders. Therefore, the interest in peroxisomes and their physiological functions has significantly increased in recent years. In this review, we intend to highlight recent discoveries, advancements and trends in peroxisome research, and present an update as well as a continuation of two former review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this astonishing organelle. We summarize novel findings on the biological functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, formation, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome-organelle contacts and cooperation. Furthermore, novel peroxisomal proteins and machineries at the peroxisomal membrane are discussed. Finally, we address recent findings on the role of peroxisomes in the brain, in neurological disorders, and in the development of cancer.

Citing Articles

LncRNA Gm35585 transcriptionally activates the peroxidase EHHADH against diet-induced fatty liver.

Jin M, Lu Q, Xia N, Fan X, Zhang Z, Huang X Exp Mol Med. 2025; .

PMID: 40082671 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-025-01420-5.

Integrative Omics reveals changes in the cellular landscape of peroxisome-deficient yeast cells.

Kosir T, Das H, Pedersen M, Richard A, Anteghini M, Martins Dos Santos V Microb Cell. 2025; 12:9-33.

PMID: 40012703 PMC: 11862644. DOI: 10.15698/mic2025.02.842.

Functional analysis of cancer-associated germline risk variants.

Kellman L, Neela P, Srinivasan S, Siprashvili Z, Shanderson R, Hong A Nat Genet. 2025; 57(3):718-728.

PMID: 39962238 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-02070-5.

Modelling Peroxisomal Disorders in Zebrafish.

Jiang C, Schrader M Cells. 2025; 14(2).

PMID: 39851575 PMC: 11764017. DOI: 10.3390/cells14020147.

Peroxisome and pexophagy in neurological diseases.

Xu W, Yan J, Shao A, Lenahan C, Gao L, Wu H Fundam Res. 2024; 4(6):1389-1397.

PMID: 39734532 PMC: 11670711. DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.016.

References

Went P, Sauter G, Oberholzer M, Bubendorf L . Abundant expression of AMACR in many distinct tumour types. Pathology. 2006; 38(5):426-32. DOI: 10.1080/00313020600922470. View

Schrader M, Fahimi H . The peroxisome: still a mysterious organelle. Histochem Cell Biol. 2008; 129(4):421-40. PMC: 2668598. DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0396-9. View

Benjamin D, Cozzo A, Ji X, Roberts L, Louie S, Mulvihill M . Ether lipid generating enzyme AGPS alters the balance of structural and signaling lipids to fuel cancer pathogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013; 110(37):14912-7. PMC: 3773741. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310894110. View

Lloyd M, Darley D, Wierzbicki A, Threadgill M . Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase--an 'obscure' metabolic enzyme takes centre stage. FEBS J. 2008; 275(6):1089-102. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06290.x. View

Islinger M, Abdolzade-Bavil A, Liebler S, Weber G, Volkl A . Assessing heterogeneity of peroxisomes: isolation of two subpopulations from rat liver. Methods Mol Biol. 2012; 909:83-96. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-959-4_6. View

Deori N, Kale A, Maurya P, Nagotu S . Peroxisomes: role in cellular ageing and age related disorders. Biogerontology. 2018; 19(5):303-324. DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9761-9. View

McClelland G, Khanna S, Gonzalez G, Butz C, Brooks G . Peroxisomal membrane monocarboxylate transporters: evidence for a redox shuttle system?. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003; 304(1):130-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00550-3. View

Pedrosa A, Francisco T, Bicho D, Dias A, Barros-Barbosa A, Hagmann V . Peroxisomal monoubiquitinated PEX5 interacts with the AAA ATPases PEX1 and PEX6 and is unfolded during its dislocation into the cytosol. J Biol Chem. 2018; 293(29):11553-11563. PMC: 6065197. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.003669. View

Guimaraes S, Schuster M, Bielska E, Dagdas G, Kilaru S, Meadows B . Peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and endoplasmic reticulum "hitchhike" on motile early endosomes. J Cell Biol. 2015; 211(5):945-54. PMC: 4674278. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201505086. View

10.

Ogata T, Iijima S, Hoshikawa S, Miura T, Yamamoto S, Oda H . Opposing extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt pathways control Schwann cell myelination. J Neurosci. 2004; 24(30):6724-32. PMC: 6729716. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5520-03.2004. View

11.

Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Berger J . From peroxisomal disorders to common neurodegenerative diseases - the role of ether phospholipids in the nervous system. FEBS Lett. 2017; 591(18):2761-2788. PMC: 5856336. DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12788. View

12.

Titorenko V, Rachubinski R . The peroxisome: orchestrating important developmental decisions from inside the cell. J Cell Biol. 2004; 164(5):641-5. PMC: 2172158. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200312081. View

13.

Motley A, Hettema E . Yeast peroxisomes multiply by growth and division. J Cell Biol. 2007; 178(3):399-410. PMC: 2064844. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200702167. View

14.

Angermuller S, Fahimi H . Heterogenous staining of D-amino acid oxidase in peroxisomes of rat liver and kidney. A light and electron microscopic study. Histochemistry. 1988; 88(3-6):277-85. View

15.

Young J, Nelson J, Cheng J, Zhang W, Mader S, Davis C . Peroxisomal biogenesis in ischemic brain. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014; 22(2):109-20. PMC: 4281844. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5833. View

16.

Frederiks W, Bosch K, Hoeben K, van Marle J, Langbein S . Renal cell carcinoma and oxidative stress: The lack of peroxisomes. Acta Histochem. 2009; 112(4):364-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.03.003. View

17.

HRUBAN Z, RECHCIGL Jr M . Microbodies and related particles. Morphology, biochemistry, and physiology. Int Rev Cytol. 1969; :Suppl 1:1-296. View

18.

Yakunin E, Moser A, Loeb V, Saada A, Faust P, Crane D . alpha-Synuclein abnormalities in mouse models of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. J Neurosci Res. 2009; 88(4):866-76. PMC: 2819671. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22246. View

19.

Schonfeld P, Struy H . Refsum disease diagnostic marker phytanic acid alters the physical state of membrane proteins of liver mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 1999; 457(2):179-83. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01009-1. View

20.

DE DUVE C, Baudhuin P . Peroxisomes (microbodies and related particles). Physiol Rev. 1966; 46(2):323-57. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1966.46.2.323. View