The Impact of Middle Eastern Origin, HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV Co-infection in the Development of Hypovitaminosis D in Adults

Overview

Journal Mol Genet Genomic Med

Specialty Genetics

Date 2018 Sep 14

PMID 30209895

Citations 2

Authors

Saad Warraich

Aven Sidhu

Michelle Hou

Osamah Alenezi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: A relationship between hypovitaminosis D and infection with HIV and HCV has been established in the scientific literature. Studies comparing these illnesses to other risk factors for development of hypovitaminosis D, such as being of Middle Eastern origin, have been lacking. The goals of this study were: (a) to document vitamin D levels in groups of individuals at high risk of developing its deficiency, (b) analyze the data collected to numerically determine which group had the lowest average vitamin D levels, and (c) discuss the impact of the findings and offer possible explanations.

Methods: This retrospective observational study involved reviewing medical charts and documenting recent vitamin D levels. Our subgroups were: (a) individuals infected with HIV, (b) individuals infected with HCV, (c) individuals co-infected with HIV/HCV, and (d) people of Middle Eastern origin. The gathered data was subsequently subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: People of Middle Eastern origin were found more likely to be vitamin D deficient as compared to those infected with HIV, HCV, or co-infected with both HIV and HCV.

Conclusion: This suggests that genetic and environmental factors unique to otherwise healthy Middle Eastern people are more detrimental, in terms of developing hypovitaminosis D, than being chronically infected with the aforementioned illnesses.

Citing Articles

Prevalence of JC polyomavirus among rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients and its correlation with vitamin D levels.

Irani Mokhtari G, Azaran A, Rajahi E, Hesam S, Dehghani Ghahfarokhi A, Makvandi M Iran J Microbiol. 2024; 16(5):676-683.

PMID: 39534291 PMC: 11551653. DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i5.16803.

The impact of Middle Eastern Origin, HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infection in the development of hypovitaminosis D in adults.

Warraich S, Sidhu A, Hou M, Alenezi O Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2018; 6(6):1010-1014.

PMID: 30209895 PMC: 6305679. DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.475.

References

Arteh J, Narra S, Nair S . Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2009; 55(9):2624-8. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-1069-9. View

Lange C, Bojunga J, Ramos-Lopez E, von Wagner M, Hassler A, Vermehren J . Vitamin D deficiency and a CYP27B1-1260 promoter polymorphism are associated with chronic hepatitis C and poor response to interferon-alfa based therapy. J Hepatol. 2010; 54(5):887-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.036. View

Mishal A . Effects of different dress styles on vitamin D levels in healthy young Jordanian women. Osteoporos Int. 2002; 12(11):931-5. DOI: 10.1007/s001980170021. View

Hamilton B, Grantham J, Racinais S, Chalabi H . Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in Middle Eastern sportsmen. Public Health Nutr. 2010; 13(10):1528-34. DOI: 10.1017/S136898000999320X. View

Souberbielle J, Body J, Lappe J, Plebani M, Shoenfeld Y, Wang T . Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice. Autoimmun Rev. 2010; 9(11):709-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.06.009. View

Sedrani S, Elidrissy A, El Arabi K . Sunlight and vitamin D status in normal Saudi subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983; 38(1):129-32. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/38.1.129. View

Terrier B, Carrat F, Geri G, Pol S, Piroth L, Halfon P . Low 25-OH vitamin D serum levels correlate with severe fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients with chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011; 55(4):756-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.01.041. View

Palacios C, Gonzalez L . Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013; 144 Pt A:138-45. PMC: 4018438. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003. View

van Schoor N, Lips P . Worldwide vitamin D status. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 25(4):671-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.06.007. View

10.

Mueller N, Fux C, Ledergerber B, Elzi L, Schmid P, Dang T . High prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency in combined antiretroviral therapy-naive and successfully treated Swiss HIV patients. AIDS. 2010; 24(8):1127-34. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328337b161. View

11.

Mandorfer M, Reiberger T, Payer B, Ferlitsch A, Breitenecker F, Aichelburg M . Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired virologic response to PEGIFN + RBV therapy in HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. AIDS. 2012; 27(2):227-32. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835aa161. View

12.

Allavena C, Delpierre C, Cuzin L, Rey D, Viget N, Bernard J . High frequency of vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients: effects of HIV-related factors and antiretroviral drugs. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67(9):2222-30. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks176. View

13.

Al Faraj S, Al Mutairi K . Vitamin D deficiency and chronic low back pain in Saudi Arabia. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003; 28(2):177-9. DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200301150-00015. View

14.

Holick M, Binkley N, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Gordon C, Hanley D, Heaney R . Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96(7):1911-30. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0385. View

15.

Mehta S, Giovannucci E, Mugusi F, Spiegelman D, Aboud S, Hertzmark E . Vitamin D status of HIV-infected women and its association with HIV disease progression, anemia, and mortality. PLoS One. 2010; 5(1):e8770. PMC: 2808247. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008770. View

16.

Dawson-Hughes B, Mithal A, Bonjour J, Boonen S, Burckhardt P, Fuleihan G . IOF position statement: vitamin D recommendations for older adults. Osteoporos Int. 2010; 21(7):1151-4. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1285-3. View

17.

Holick M . Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357(3):266-81. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra070553. View

18.

Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney R, Holick M, Lips P, Meunier P, Vieth R . Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int. 2005; 16(7):713-6. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-005-1867-7. View

19.

Alagol F, Shihadeh Y, Boztepe H, Tanakol R, Yarman S, Azizlerli H . Sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency in Turkish women. J Endocrinol Invest. 2000; 23(3):173-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF03343702. View

20.

Vescini F, Cozzi-Lepri A, Borderi M, Re M, Maggiolo F, De Luca A . Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and morbidity among HIV-infected patients enrolled in a large Italian cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011; 58(2):163-72. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31822e57e9. View