The Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban and Dalteparin in the Treatment of Cancer Associated Venous Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication of malignancy that is associated with significant mortality. The CLOT trial showed superiority of dalteparin in comparison to warfarin in preventing VTE recurrence. Rivaroxaban has been approved for treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In the absence of large randomized trials in the oncology population, the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban for the treatment of VTE in cancer patients needs to be assessed. A single-center retrospective chart review was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with dalteparin in cancer-associated thrombosis. Out of 671 patients identified, 286 patients (107 in the rivaroxaban group and 179 in the dalteparin group) were eligible for analysis. The rivaroxaban group had a rate of VTE recurrence at 6 months of 4.9 versus 11.1% with dalteparin ( = 0.252). The incidence of recurrent DVT at 6 months was lower in patients treated with rivaroxaban (0%) compared with dalteparin (8.2%) at 6 months ( = 0.025). Incidence of recurrent PE in the rivaroxaban group (5%) versus dalteparin group (3.1%) at 6 months was not statistically significant ( = 0.675). No significant difference was identified between the rivaroxaban group and dalteparin group in the rate of major bleeding (2.8 vs. 1.1%, respectively). Rivaroxaban was comparable to dalteparin in prevention of VTE recurrence while having no significant differences with major or minor bleeding.