Dietary Patterns and Cardio-metabolic Risk in a Population of Guatemalan Young Adults

Overview

Journal BMC Nutr

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2018 Jun 13

PMID 29892467

Citations 9

Authors

Nicole D Ford

Lindsay M Jaacks

Reynaldo Martorell

Neil K Mehta

Cria G Perrine

Manuel Ramirez-Zea

Aryeh D Stein

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Latin America is facing an increasing burden of nutrition-related non-communicable disease. Little is known about dietary patterns in Guatemalan adults and how dietary patterns are associated with cardio-metabolic disease (CMD) risk.

Methods: This analysis is based on data from a 2002-04 follow-up study of the INCAP Nutrition Supplementation Trial Longitudinal Cohort. Diet data were collected using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We derived dietary patterns using principal components analysis. CMD risk was assessed by anthropometry (body mass index, waist circumference), biochemistry (fasting blood glucose and lipids), and clinical (blood pressure) measures. We used sex-stratified multivariable log binomial models to test associations between dietary pattern tertile and CMD risk factors. The sample included 1,428 participants (681 men and 747 women) ages 25-43 years.

Results: We derived 3 dietary patterns (traditional, meat-based modern, and starch-based modern), collectively explaining 24.2% of variance in the diet. Dietary patterns were not associated with most CMD risk factors; however, higher starch-based modern tertiles were associated with increased prevalence of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in men (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 1.17, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.01, 1.20 for tertile 2; PR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00, 1.44 for tertile 3; p trend 0.04). Higher traditional tertile was associated with increased prevalence of abdominal obesity in women (PR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07, 1.43 for tertile 2; PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02, 1.39 for tertile 3; p trend 0.02) but marginally significant reduced prevalence of low HDL-c in men (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76, 1.00 for tertile 2; PR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72, 1.00 for tertile 3; p trend 0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest the presence of two 'modern diet' patterns in Guatemala - one of which was associated with increased prevalence of low HDL-c in men. The association between the traditional dietary pattern and some CMD risk factors may vary by sex.

Citing Articles

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Dietary, socioeconomic, and maize handling practices associated with aflatoxin and fumonisin exposure among women tortilla makers in 5 departments in Guatemala.

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Garsow A, Torres O, Matute J, Riley R, Harris J, Lamichhane A PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023; 2(8):e0000337.

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Age at childbirth and change in BMI across the life-course: evidence from the INCAP Longitudinal Study.

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Maternal diet patterns during early pregnancy in relation to neonatal outcomes.

Yisahak S, Mumford S, Grewal J, Li M, Zhang C, Grantz K Am J Clin Nutr. 2021; 114(1):358-367.

PMID: 33742192 PMC: 8246623. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab019.

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