Decreased KLHL3 Expression is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type II Caused by Cullin 3 Mutation in Vivo

Background: Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is a hereditary hypertensive disease caused by mutations in four genes: WNK1, WNK4, Kelch-like3 (KLHL3), and cullin3 (CUL3). Recently, it was revealed that CUL3-KLHL3 E3 ligase complex ubiquitinates WNK1 and WNK4, leading to their degradation, and that a common pathogenesis of PHAII is defective WNK degradation due to CUL3-KLHL3 E3 ligase complex impairment. PHAII-causing CUL3 mutations mediate exon9 skipping, producing a CUL3 protein with a 57-amino acid deletion (Δ403-459). However, the pathogenic effects of KLHL3, an adaptor protein that links WNKs with CUL3, in PHAII caused by CUL3 mutation remain unclear.

Methods: To clarify detailed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PHAII caused by CUL3 mutation in vivo, we generated and analyzed knock-in mice carrying the same CUL3 exon9 deletion (CUL3) as that reported in PHAII patients.

Results: CUL3 mice exhibited a PHAII-like phenotype. Interestingly, we confirmed markedly decreased KLHL3 expression in CUL3 mice by confirming the true KLHL3 band in vivo. However, the expression of other KLHL family proteins, such as KLHL2, was comparable between WT and mutant mice.

Conclusion: KLHL3 expression was decreased in CUL3 mice. However, expression levels of other KLHL family proteins were comparable between the wild-type and mutant mice. These findings indicate that the decreased abundance of KLHL3 is a specific phenomenon caused by mutant CUL3 (Δexon9). Our findings would improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of PHAII caused by CUL3 mutation in vivo.