Prevalence and Correlates of Beta Human Papillomavirus Detection in Fingernail Samples from Mid-adult Women

Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have not been evaluated in fingernails from healthy individuals. To determine prevalence and correlates of β-HPVs in fingernails from healthy mid-adult women, we tested archived samples collected from 2011 to 2012 using a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology for 46 β-HPV genotypes. One hundred thirteen (61.1%) of 185 fingernail samples were positive for β-HPV, and the median number of types detected in positive samples was 2 (interquartile range: 1-4). The most common genotypes detected were HPV-23 (β-2) (13.5%), HPV-38 (β-2) (13.0%), HPV-5 (β-1) (9.2%), HPV-107 (β-2) (8.7%), and HPV-120 (β-2) (8.7%). In multivariate analysis, β-HPV detection was associated with age (prevalence ratio [PR] for women 40-51 years versus 30-39 years = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05-1.62) and race (PR for non-white versus white race = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.94). The prevalence of β-HPV in fingernail samples from healthy mid-adult women was similar to the prevalence of β-HPV reported at other cutaneous sites in prior studies. We did not identify any significant health or sexual behavior predictors of β-HPV detection in fingernails. Our results support the hypothesis that fingers may serve as a source of transmission or autoinoculation of cutaneous HPVs to other anatomic sites.