Detecting Chromosome Condensation Defects in Gulf War Illness Patients

Overview

Journal Curr Genomics

Publisher Bentham Science Publishers

Date 2018 Apr 3

PMID 29606907

Citations 11

Authors

Guo Liu

Christine J Ye

Saroj K Chowdhury

Batoul Y Abdallah

Steven D Horne

Denise Nichols

Henry H Heng

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Gulf War Illness (GWI) impacts 25-30% of gulf war veterans. Due to its heterogeneity in both etiology and symptoms, it has been challenging to establish the commonly accepted case definition for GWI. Equally challenging are the understanding of the general mechanism of GWI and the development of biomarkers useful for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: We have observed that chromosome condensation defects can be detected in GWI patients. To document this phenomenon in GWI, we aim to describe and compare different types of chromosomal condensation defects in GWI patients, if possible. Since chromosomal condensation represents an important step of ensuring genome integrity, condensation defects could be used as a potential biomarker of GWI.

Methods: Lymphocytes from GWI patients have been used for short term cell culture followed by chromosome slide preparation. Both Giemsa staining and multiple color spectral karyotyping (SKY) were applied to study chromosome aberrations, focusing on different types of condensation defects.

Results: At least three subtypes of Defective Mitotic Figures (DMFs) were observed. Some individuals displayed elevated frequencies of DMFs. Another type of condensation defect identified as sticky chromosomes were also observed.

Conclusion: Various types of condensation defects have been observed in GWI patients. It is rather surprising that some GWI patients exhibited a high level of chromosomal condensation defects. Previously, the elevated frequency of DMFs was only observed in cancer patients. Since chromosome condensation can be linked to other types of chromosome aberrations, as well as cellular stress conditions, the detailed mechanism and clinical impact should be further studied, especially with increased sample size.

Citing Articles

The Importance of Monitoring Non-clonal Chromosome Aberrations (NCCAs) in Cancer Research.

Heng E, Thanedar S, Heng H Methods Mol Biol. 2024; 2825:79-111.

PMID: 38913304 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3946-7_4.

Challenges and Opportunities for Clinical Cytogenetics in the 21st Century.

Heng E, Thanedar S, Heng H Genes (Basel). 2023; 14(2).

PMID: 36833419 PMC: 9956237. DOI: 10.3390/genes14020493.

Cytogenomic epileptology.

Iourov I, Gerasimov A, Zelenova M, Ivanova N, Kurinnaia O, Zabrodskaya Y Mol Cytogenet. 2023; 16(1):1.

PMID: 36600272 PMC: 9814426. DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00634-w.

Somatic mosaicism in the diseased brain.

Iourov I, Vorsanova S, Kurinnaia O, Kutsev S, Yurov Y Mol Cytogenet. 2022; 15(1):45.

PMID: 36266706 PMC: 9585840. DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00624-y.

BUB1B and circBUB1B_544aa aggravate multiple myeloma malignancy through evoking chromosomal instability.

Tang X, Guo M, Ding P, Deng Z, Ke M, Yuan Y Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021; 6(1):361.

PMID: 34620840 PMC: 8497505. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00746-6.

References

White R, Steele L, OCallaghan J, Sullivan K, Binns J, Golomb B . Recent research on Gulf War illness and other health problems in veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Effects of toxicant exposures during deployment. Cortex. 2015; 74:449-75. PMC: 4724528. DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.022. View

Koslik H, Hamilton G, Golomb B . Mitochondrial dysfunction in Gulf War illness revealed by 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2014; 9(3):e92887. PMC: 3968048. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092887. View

Horne S, Stevens J, Abdallah B, Liu G, Bremer S, Ye C . Why imatinib remains an exception of cancer research. J Cell Physiol. 2012; 228(4):665-70. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24233. View

Parihar V, Hattiangady B, Shuai B, Shetty A . Mood and memory deficits in a model of Gulf War illness are linked with reduced neurogenesis, partial neuron loss, and mild inflammation in the hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 38(12):2348-62. PMC: 3799073. DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.158. View

Heng H, Tsui L . Modes of DAPI banding and simultaneous in situ hybridization. Chromosoma. 1993; 102(5):325-32. DOI: 10.1007/BF00661275. View

Heng H . The genome-centric concept: resynthesis of evolutionary theory. Bioessays. 2009; 31(5):512-25. DOI: 10.1002/bies.200800182. View

Fukuda K, Nisenbaum R, Stewart G, Thompson W, Robin L, Washko R . Chronic multisymptom illness affecting Air Force veterans of the Gulf War. JAMA. 1998; 280(11):981-8. DOI: 10.1001/jama.280.11.981. View

Cuylen S, Blaukopf C, Politi A, Muller-Reichert T, Neumann B, Poser I . Ki-67 acts as a biological surfactant to disperse mitotic chromosomes. Nature. 2016; 535(7611):308-12. PMC: 4947524. DOI: 10.1038/nature18610. View

Stevens J, Liu G, Bremer S, Ye K, Xu W, Xu J . Mitotic cell death by chromosome fragmentation. Cancer Res. 2007; 67(16):7686-94. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0472. View

10.

Haaf T, Schmid M . 5-Azadeoxycytidine induced undercondensation in the giant X chromosomes of Microtus agrestis. Chromosoma. 1989; 98(2):93-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF00291043. View

11.

Heng H, Liu G, Stevens J, Abdallah B, Horne S, Ye K . Karyotype heterogeneity and unclassified chromosomal abnormalities. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2013; 139(3):144-57. DOI: 10.1159/000348682. View

12.

Heng H, Chen W, Wang Y . Effects of pingyanymycin on chromosomes: a possible structural basis for chromosome aberration. Mutat Res. 1988; 199(1):199-205. DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(88)90246-1. View

13.

Horne S, Chowdhury S, Heng H . Stress, genomic adaptation, and the evolutionary trade-off. Front Genet. 2014; 5:92. PMC: 4005935. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00092. View

14.

Craddock T, Harvey J, Nathanson L, Barnes Z, Klimas N, Fletcher M . Using gene expression signatures to identify novel treatment strategies in gulf war illness. BMC Med Genomics. 2015; 8:36. PMC: 4495687. DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0111-3. View

15.

Schroder H, Heimers A, Frentzel-Beyme R, Schott A, Hoffmann W . Chromosome aberration analysis in peripheral lymphocytes of Gulf War and Balkans War veterans. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2003; 103(3):211-9. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006135. View

16.

Heng H, Squire J, Tsui L . High-resolution mapping of mammalian genes by in situ hybridization to free chromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992; 89(20):9509-13. PMC: 50161. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.20.9509. View

17.

Heng H, Stevens J, Liu G, Bremer S, Ye K, Reddy P . Stochastic cancer progression driven by non-clonal chromosome aberrations. J Cell Physiol. 2006; 208(2):461-72. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20685. View

18.

Heng H, Regan S, Liu G, Ye C . Why it is crucial to analyze non clonal chromosome aberrations or NCCAs?. Mol Cytogenet. 2016; 9:15. PMC: 4752783. DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0223-2. View

19.

Rowley J . Letter: A new consistent chromosomal abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukaemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining. Nature. 1973; 243(5405):290-3. DOI: 10.1038/243290a0. View

20.

Heng H, Liu G, Stevens J, Bremer S, Ye K, Abdallah B . Decoding the genome beyond sequencing: the new phase of genomic research. Genomics. 2011; 98(4):242-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.05.008. View