Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 As a Biomarker for Periodontitis: A PRISMA-compliant Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 is currently considered to be one of the most promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontitis, however, several recent studies showed conflicting results.

Objective: To determine the salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels between periodontitis patients and healthy individuals, and to assess its diagnostic value in periodontitis.

Methods: Literatures were searched on PubMed and Embase databases up to August 2017, for articles reporting salivary MMP-8 levels between periodontitis patients and health controls with the data of means ± standard deviation (SD). Methodological quality was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS). Standard mean differences (SMDs), heterogeneity, and publication bias were assessed by Stata 13.0 software.

Results: A total of 10 studies including 485 periodontitis patients and 379 healthy controls that met the preset inclusion criteria were included, the qualities of these studies were either good (n = 7) or moderate (n = 3). Eight studies showed salivary MMP-8 levels were higher in periodontitis patients compared with healthy controls (P < .05), while 2 studies showed opposite results (P > .05). The pooled SMD was 1.195 (95% CI: 0.720-1.670), with I of 89.3%, indicating high heterogeneity. Funnel plot showed publication bias existed.

Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that salivary MMP-8 levels were significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared with healthy controls overall. Due to the heterogeneity and publication bias of included studies, further high quality studies are still needed to verify the conclusion.