Effect of Weight Loss on Circulating Fatty Acid Profiles in Overweight Subjects with High Visceral Fat Area: a 12-week Randomized Controlled Trial

Overview

Journal Nutr J

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2018 Feb 24

PMID 29471812

Citations 13

Authors

Young Ju Lee

Ayoung Lee

Hye Jin Yoo

Minjoo Kim

Minkyung Kim

Sun Ha Jee

Dong Yeob Shin

Jong Ho Lee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Significant associations between visceral fat and alterations in plasma fatty acids have been identified in overweight individuals. However, there are scant data regarding the relationships of the visceral fat area (VFA) with the plasma fatty acid profiles and desaturase activities following weight loss. We investigated the effect of weight loss with mild calorie restriction on the circulating fatty acid profiles and desaturase activities in nondiabetic overweight subjects with high VFA.

Methods: Eighty overweight subjects with high VFA (L4 VFA ≥100 cm) were randomized into the 12-week mild-calorie-restriction (300 kcal/day) or control groups.

Results: Comparison of the percent of body weight changes between groups revealed that the weight-loss group had greater reductions in body weight. The VFA decreased by 17.7 cm from baseline in the weight-loss group (P < 0.001). At follow-up, the weight-loss group showed greater reductions in serum triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR than the control group. Significantly greater reductions in total saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, total monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid levels were detected in the weight-loss group compared with the control group after adjusting for baseline values. Following weight loss, C16 Δ9-desaturase activity was significantly decreased and Δ5-desaturase activity was significantly increased, and the changes were greater in the weight-loss group than in the control group.

Conclusions: The results suggest that mild weight loss improves abdominal obesity, overall fatty acid profiles, and desaturase activities; therefore, mild calorie restriction has potential health benefits related to obesity-related diseases in overweight subjects with high VFA.

Trial Registration: NCT02992639. Retrospectively registered 11 December 2016.

Citing Articles

Association Between Circulating Fatty Acids and Blood Pressure: A Review.

Arghavani H, Bilodeau J, Rudkowska I Curr Nutr Rep. 2025; 14(1):15.

PMID: 39775363 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00602-3.

A randomized trial involving a multifunctional diet reveals systematic lipid remodeling and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in middle aged to aged adults.

Arroyo C, Ocariz M, Rogova O, Al-Majdoub M, Bjorck I, Tovar J Front Nutr. 2023; 10:1236153.

PMID: 37781111 PMC: 10538628. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1236153.

Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity.

Sarac I, Debeljak-Martacic J, Takic M, Stevanovic V, Milesevic J, Zekovic M Front Nutr. 2023; 10:1065578.

PMID: 37545582 PMC: 10397414. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578.

Dose-response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adiposity in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Recchia F, Leung C, Yu A, Leung W, Yu D, Fong D Br J Sports Med. 2023; 57(16):1035-1041.

PMID: 36669870 PMC: 10423480. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106304.

Differential effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) and fatty acids.

Berk K, Borgeraas H, Narverud I, Mulder M, Oyri L, Verhoeven A Lipids Health Dis. 2022; 21(1):145.

PMID: 36577984 PMC: 9795629. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01756-1.

References

Jensen M . Is visceral fat involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome? Human model. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006; 14 Suppl 1:20S-24S. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.278. View

Bucci M, Borra R, Nagren K, Maggio R, Tuunanen H, Oikonen V . Human obesity is characterized by defective fat storage and enhanced muscle fatty acid oxidation, and trimetazidine gradually counteracts these abnormalities. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 301(1):E105-12. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00680.2010. View

Kroger J, Schulze M . Recent insights into the relation of Δ5 desaturase and Δ6 desaturase activity to the development of type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2011; 23(1):4-10. DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834d2dc5. View

Hannukainen J, Kalliokoski K, Borra R, Viljanen A, Janatuinen T, Kujala U . Higher free fatty acid uptake in visceral than in abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue in men. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009; 18(2):261-5. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.267. View

Bjorntorp P . "Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Arteriosclerosis. 1990; 10(4):493-6. View

Zong G, Ye X, Sun L, Li H, Yu Z, Hu F . Associations of erythrocyte palmitoleic acid with adipokines, inflammatory markers, and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 96(5):970-6. PMC: 3471208. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.040204. View

Muhlhausler B, Ailhaud G . Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the early origins of obesity. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2012; 20(1):56-61. DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32835c1ba7. View

Klein S . The case of visceral fat: argument for the defense. J Clin Invest. 2004; 113(11):1530-2. PMC: 419497. DOI: 10.1172/JCI22028. View

Pan D, Hulbert A, Storlien L . Dietary fats, membrane phospholipids and obesity. J Nutr. 1994; 124(9):1555-65. DOI: 10.1093/jn/124.9.1555. View

10.

Zhao L, Ni Y, Ma X, Zhao A, Bao Y, Liu J . A panel of free fatty acid ratios to predict the development of metabolic abnormalities in healthy obese individuals. Sci Rep. 2016; 6:28418. PMC: 4921829. DOI: 10.1038/srep28418. View

11.

Kishino T, Watanabe K, Urata T, Takano M, Uemura T, Nishikawa K . Visceral fat thickness in overweight men correlates with alterations in serum fatty acid composition. Clin Chim Acta. 2008; 398(1-2):57-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.08.010. View

12.

Kurotani K, Sato M, Ejima Y, Nanri A, Yi S, Pham N . High levels of stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and low levels of linoleic acid in serum cholesterol ester are associated with high insulin resistance. Nutr Res. 2012; 32(9):669-675.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.07.004. View

13.

Lorente-Cebrian S, Costa A, Navas-Carretero S, Zabala M, Martinez J, Moreno-Aliaga M . Role of omega-3 fatty acids in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases: a review of the evidence. J Physiol Biochem. 2013; 69(3):633-51. DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0265-4. View

14.

Oshima Y, Rin S, Kita H, Hiramoto Y, Morimoto S, Okunaga A . The Frequency of Fish-Eating Could Negatively Associate with Visceral Adiposity in Those Who Eat Moderately. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2015; 61(5):426-31. DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.426. View

15.

Gong J, Campos H, McGarvey S, Wu Z, Goldberg R, Baylin A . Adipose tissue palmitoleic acid and obesity in humans: does it behave as a lipokine?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 93(1):186-91. PMC: 3001604. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006502. View

16.

Nielsen S, Guo Z, Johnson C, Hensrud D, Jensen M . Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity. J Clin Invest. 2004; 113(11):1582-8. PMC: 419492. DOI: 10.1172/JCI21047. View

17.

Kopp H, Krzyzanowska K, Mohlig M, Spranger J, Pfeiffer A, Schernthaner G . Effects of marked weight loss on plasma levels of adiponectin, markers of chronic subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance in morbidly obese women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005; 29(7):766-71. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802983. View

18.

Warensjo E, Riserus U, Vessby B . Fatty acid composition of serum lipids predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in men. Diabetologia. 2005; 48(10):1999-2005. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1897-x. View

19.

Warensjo E, Rosell M, Hellenius M, Vessby B, de Faire U, Riserus U . Associations between estimated fatty acid desaturase activities in serum lipids and adipose tissue in humans: links to obesity and insulin resistance. Lipids Health Dis. 2009; 8:37. PMC: 2746208. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-8-37. View

20.

Iggman D, Arnlov J, Vessby B, Cederholm T, Sjogren P, Riserus U . Adipose tissue fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in elderly men. Diabetologia. 2010; 53(5):850-7. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1669-0. View