Type 2 Cytokine Responses: Regulating Immunity to Helminth Parasites and Allergic Inflammation

Overview

Journal Curr Pharmacol Rep

Date 2018 Feb 6

PMID 29399438

Citations 21

Authors

Everett K Henry

Juan M Inclan-Rico

Mark C Siracusa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose Of Review: It is well established that T helper type 2 (T2) immune responses are necessary to provide protection against helminth parasites but also to promote the detrimental inflammation associated with allergies and asthma. Given the importance of type 2 immunity and inflammation, many studies have focused on better understanding the factors that regulate T2 cell development and activation. As a result, significant progress has been made in understanding the signaling pathways and molecular events necessary to promote T2 cell polarization. In addition to the adaptive compartment, emerging studies are better defining the innate immune pathways needed to promote T2 cell responses. Given the recent and substantial growth of this field, the purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies defining the innate immune events that promote immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation.

Recent Findings: Emerging studies have begun to elucidate the importance of cytokine alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 (IL-17E) and IL-33 in promoting type 2 immunity and inflammation following helminth challenge or exposure to allergens. Specifically, recent reports have begun to define the complex cellular networks these alarmins activate and their contribution to type 2 immunity and inflammation.

Summary: Our increased understanding of the pathways that regulate type 2 cytokine-mediated immunity and inflammation have revealed novel therapeutic targets to treat both helminth infections and allergic disease states.

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