Planktonic Microbial Profiling in Water Samples from a Brazilian Amazonian Reservoir

Our comprehension of the dynamics and diversity of freshwater planktonic bacterial communities is far from complete concerning the Brazilian Amazonian region. Therefore, reference studies are urgently needed. We mapped bacterial communities present in the planktonic communities of a freshwater artificial reservoir located in the western Amazonian basin. Two samples were obtained from rainy and dry seasons, the periods during which water quality and plankton diversity undergo the most significant changes. Hypervariable 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing were performed to describe the first reference of a microbial community in an Amazonian lentic system. Microbial composition consisted mainly of Betaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria in the dry period. The bacteria distribution in the rainy period was notably absent of Cyanobacteria. Microcystis was observed in the dry period in which the gene cluster for cyanotoxins was found. Iron acquisition gene group was higher in the sample from the rainy season. This work mapped the first inventory of the planktonic microbial community of a large water reservoir in the Amazon, providing a reference for future functional studies and determining other communities and how they interact.