Schistosoma Mansoni Infection and Its Related Morbidity Among Adults Living in Selected Villages of Mara Region, North-Western Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study

Overview

Journal Korean J Parasitol

Specialty Parasitology

Date 2017 Nov 7

PMID 29103268

Citations 11

Authors

Humphrey D Mazigo

Fred Nuwaha

David W Dunne

Godfrey M Kaatano

Tekla Angelo

Stella Kepha

Safari M Kinunghi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Schistosoma mansoni is highly endemic in Tanzania and affects all age groups at different degrees. However, its control approach does not include adult individuals who are equally at risk and infected. To justify the inclusion of adult individuals in MDA programs in Tanzania, the present study focused on determining the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities among adult individuals. This was a cross sectional study conducted among 412 adult individuals aged 18-89 years living in selected villages of Rorya and Butiama districts located along the shoreline of the Lake Victoria. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and socio-economic information of participants. Ultrasonographic examinations were conducted for all study participants using the Niamey protocol. A single stool sample was obtained from all study participants and examined for S. mansoni using the Kato-Katz technique. The study revealed a high prevalence of S. mansoni (56.3%), and the majority of infected individuals had a light intensity of infection. Ultrasonographic findings revealed that 22.4% of adult individuals had periportal fibrosis (PPF) (grade C-F), with 18.4% having grade C and D and 4% having grade E and F. Males had the highest prevalence of PPF (31.7% vs 10.8%, P<0.001). Organomegaly was common with 28.5% and 29.6% having splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, respectively. S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities included PPF, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were common among adult individuals. To reduce the level of transmission of S. mansoni infection, planned mass drug administration campaigns should include adult individuals living in these villages.

Citing Articles

Prevalence of human infection in endemic regions (2010-2024): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Tavakoli Pirzaman A, Sepidarkish M, Alizadeh F, Al-Obidy S, Ebrahimi P, Kianifard N EClinicalMedicine. 2024; 77:102855.

PMID: 39430613 PMC: 11490763. DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102855.

Prevalence of human schistosomiasis in various regions of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted for the past ten years (2013-2023).

Mbugi N, Laizer H, Chacha M, Mbega E PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024; 18(9):e0012462.

PMID: 39250468 PMC: 11412511. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012462.

Parasites of the liver: A global problem?.

Tsukanov V, Vasyutin A, Tonkikh J World J Gastroenterol. 2024; 30(30):3554-3559.

PMID: 39193571 PMC: 11346153. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i30.3554.

Predicting Schistosomiasis Intensity in Africa: A Machine Learning Approach to Evaluate the Progress of WHO Roadmap 2030.

Chen X, Le J, Hu Y Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024; 111(1):73-79.

PMID: 38772355 PMC: 11229641. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0751.

Test-Treat-Track-Test-Treat Strategy for Control of Schistosomiasis in Two Low-Prevalence Villages in Northwestern Tanzania.

Maganga J, Campbell C, Angelo T, Mosha J, Mwanga J, Kinunghi S Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023; 108(6):1167-1174.

PMID: 37160273 PMC: 10540130. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0442.

References

Jukes M, Nokes C, Alcock K, Lambo J, Kihamia C, Ngorosho N . Heavy schistosomiasis associated with poor short-term memory and slower reaction times in Tanzanian schoolchildren. Trop Med Int Health. 2002; 7(2):104-17. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00843.x. View

Rollinson D, Knopp S, Levitz S, Stothard J, Tchuente L, Garba A . Time to set the agenda for schistosomiasis elimination. Acta Trop. 2012; 128(2):423-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.04.013. View

Njenga S, Mwandawiro C, Muniu E, Mwanje M, Haji F, Bockarie M . Adult population as potential reservoir of NTD infections in rural villages of Kwale district, Coastal Kenya: implications for preventive chemotherapy interventions policy. Parasit Vectors. 2011; 4:175. PMC: 3212820. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-175. View

De Clercq D, Sacko M, Behnke J, Gilbert F, Vercruysse J . The relationship between Schistosoma haematobium infection and school performance and attendance in Bamako, Mali. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1999; 92(8):851-8. DOI: 10.1080/00034989858899. View

Gryseels B, Polderman A . The morbidity of schistosomiasis mansoni in Maniema (Zaire). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987; 81(2):202-9. DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(87)90215-x. View

SCOTT J, Diakhate M, Vereecken K, Fall A, Diop M, Ly A . Human water contacts patterns in Schistosoma mansoni epidemic foci in northern Senegal change according to age, sex and place of residence, but are not related to intensity of infection. Trop Med Int Health. 2003; 8(2):100-8. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.00993.x. View

Kabatereine N, Odongo-Aginya E, Lakwo T . Schistosoma mansoni along Lake Albert, Kibale District, Western Uganda. East Afr Med J. 1996; 73(8):502-4. View

Malenganisho W, Magnussen P, Friis H, Siza J, Kaatano G, Temu M . Schistosoma mansoni morbidity among adults in two villages along Lake Victoria shores in Mwanza District, Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102(6):532-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.006. View

Butler J, Bingham J . Demography and dog-human relationships of the dog population in Zimbabwean communal lands. Vet Rec. 2000; 147(16):442-6. DOI: 10.1136/vr.147.16.442. View

10.

Mazigo H, Nuwaha F, Kinunghi S, Morona D, Pinot de Moira A, Wilson S . Epidemiology and control of human schistosomiasis in Tanzania. Parasit Vectors. 2012; 5:274. PMC: 3549774. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-274. View

11.

Barakat R, Farghaly A, El Masry A, Hussein M . The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: patterns of Schistosoma mansoni infection and morbidity in Kafer El-Sheikh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000; 62(2 Suppl):21-7. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.21. View

12.

Yazdanpanah Y, Thomas A, Kardorff R, Talla I, Sow S, Niang M . Organometric investigations of the spleen and liver by ultrasound in Schistosoma mansoni endemic and nonendemic villages in Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997; 57(2):245-9. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.245. View

13.

Brooker S, Bethony J, Hotez P . Human hookworm infection in the 21st century. Adv Parasitol. 2004; 58:197-288. PMC: 2268732. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(04)58004-1. View

14.

Kaatano G, Min D, Siza J, Yong T, Chai J, Ko Y . Schistosoma mansoni-Related Hepatosplenic Morbidity in Adult Population on Kome Island, Sengerema District, Tanzania. Korean J Parasitol. 2015; 53(5):545-51. PMC: 4635826. DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.545. View

15.

Guyatt H, Gryseels B, Smith T, Tanner M . Assessing the public health importance of Schistosoma mansoni in different endemic areas: attributable fraction estimates as an approach. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995; 53(6):660-7. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.660. View

16.

Halwindi H, Magnussen P, Olsen A, Lisulo M . POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF ADULT POPULATIONS TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH INFECTIONS IN THE SIAVONGA AND MAZABUKA DISTRICTS OF ZAMBIA. J Biosoc Sci. 2016; 49(2):265-275. DOI: 10.1017/S0021932016000201. View

17.

Gazzinelli A, Bethony J, Fraga L, LoVerde P, Correa-Oliveira R, Kloos H . Exposure to Schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural area of Brazil. I: water contact. Trop Med Int Health. 2001; 6(2):126-35. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00684.x. View

18.

Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J . A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1972; 14(6):397-400. View

19.

Booth M, Vennervald B, Kabatereine N, Kazibwe F, Ouma J, Kariuki C . Hepatosplenic morbidity in two neighbouring communities in Uganda with high levels of Schistosoma mansoni infection but very different durations of residence. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 98(2):125-36. DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(03)00018-x. View

20.

Brooker S, Kabatereine N, Smith J, Mupfasoni D, Mwanje M, Ndayishimiye O . An updated atlas of human helminth infections: the example of East Africa. Int J Health Geogr. 2009; 8:42. PMC: 2714505. DOI: 10.1186/1476-072X-8-42. View