Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus Carbonarius Under the Influence of Temperature and Water Activity

Overview

Journal Toxins (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Toxicology

Date 2017 Sep 23

PMID 28937586

Citations 4

Authors

Iliada K Lappa

Dimosthenis Kizis

Efstathios Z Panagou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental factors, namely temperature and water activity, on genes involved in the regulation of ochratoxin A (OTA) production over time. For this purpose, the previously characterized toxigenic Ac29 isolate from Greek vineyards and the ITEM 5010 reference strain were subjected to combined temperature and water activity (a) treatments to study OTA production and relative gene expression. The fungal isolates were grown on a synthetic grape juice liquid medium (SGM) under different temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) and a (0.94 and 0.98) regimes. The expression of the AcOTA, AcOTA, and OTA related genes was investigated using real time PCR. Gene expression was monitored at the same time points, along with fungal biomass and OTA accumulation at three, six and nine days of incubation. In gene expression analysis, stimulation of the biosynthetic genes was observed a few days before any toxin could be detected. This fact may underline a possible early indicator of potential toxin contamination of grapes. However, the transcript levels varied with respect to the different combinations of ecophysiological conditions and time, highlighting a complex regulation of OTA related gene expression of in the specific medium.

Citing Articles

Predictive Modeling and Validation on Growth, Production of Asexual Spores and Ochratoxin A of Group under Abiotic Climatic Variables.

Abdel-Hadi A, Alshehri B, Waly M, Aboamer M, Banawas S, Alaidarous M Microorganisms. 2021; 9(6).

PMID: 34204446 PMC: 8235597. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061321.

Effects of Light on the Ochratoxigenic Fungi and .

Zhang H, Wang G, Yang Q, Yang X, Zheng Y, Liu Y Toxins (Basel). 2021; 13(4).

PMID: 33807312 PMC: 8065527. DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040251.

The Influence of NaCl and Glucose Content on Growth and Ochratoxin A Production by , and .

Wang Y, Yan H, Neng J, Gao J, Yang B, Liu Y Toxins (Basel). 2020; 12(8).

PMID: 32806492 PMC: 7472267. DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080515.

Dual Transcriptional Profile of during Co-Culture with and Aflatoxin B1 Production: A Pathogen-Pathogen Interaction.

Lappa I, Dionysopoulou A, Paramithiotis S, Georgiadou M, Drosinos E Pathogens. 2019; 8(4).

PMID: 31635192 PMC: 6963788. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040198.

References

Mitchell D, Parra R, Aldred D, Magan N . Water and temperature relations of growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius strains from grapes in Europe and Israel. J Appl Microbiol. 2004; 97(2):439-45. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02321.x. View

Gallo A, Solfrizzo M, Epifani F, Panzarini G, Perrone G . Effect of temperature and water activity on gene expression and aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus on almond medium. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015; 217:162-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.026. View

Yu J, Fedorova N, Montalbano B, Bhatnagar D, Cleveland T, Bennett J . Tight control of mycotoxin biosynthesis gene expression in Aspergillus flavus by temperature as revealed by RNA-Seq. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2011; 322(2):145-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02345.x. View

Rocha L, Barroso V, Andrade L, Pereira G, Ferreira-Castro F, Duarte A . FUM Gene Expression Profile and Fumonisin Production by Fusarium verticillioides Inoculated in Bt and Non-Bt Maize. Front Microbiol. 2016; 6:1503. PMC: 4701941. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01503. View

Kizis D, Natskoulis P, Nychas G, Panagou E . Biodiversity and ITS-RFLP characterisation of Aspergillus section Nigri isolates in grapes from four traditional grape-producing areas in Greece. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e93923. PMC: 3977974. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093923. View

Tassou C, Natskoulis P, Panagou E, Spiropoulos A, Magan N . Impact of water activity and temperature on growth and ochratoxin A production of two Aspergillus carbonarius isolates from wine grapes in Greece. J Food Prot. 2007; 70(12):2884-8. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.12.2884. View

Battilani P, Barbano C, Marin S, Sanchis V, Kozakiewicz Z, Magan N . Mapping of Aspergillus Section Nigri in Southern Europe and Israel based on geostatistical analysis. Int J Food Microbiol. 2006; 111 Suppl 1:S72-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.03.014. View

Bayman P, Baker J . Ochratoxins: a global perspective. Mycopathologia. 2006; 162(3):215-23. DOI: 10.1007/s11046-006-0055-4. View

Geisen R, Schmidt-Heydt M, Karolewiez A . A gene cluster of the ochratoxin A biosynthetic genes inPenicillium. Mycotoxin Res. 2013; 22(2):134-41. DOI: 10.1007/BF02956777. View

10.

Romero S, Comerio R, Larumbe G, Ritieni A, Vaamonde G, Fernandez Pinto V . Toxigenic fungi isolated from dried vine fruits in Argentina. Int J Food Microbiol. 2005; 104(1):43-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.04.001. View

11.

Schmittgen T, Livak K . Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc. 2008; 3(6):1101-8. DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.73. View

12.

Lappa I, Kizis D, Natskoulis P, Panagou E . Comparative study of growth responses and screening of inter-specific OTA production kinetics by A. carbonarius isolated from grapes. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6:502. PMC: 4444842. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00502. View

13.

Pardo E, Sanchis V, Ramos A, Marin S . Non-specificity of nutritional substrate for ochratoxin A production by isolates of Aspergillus ochraceus. Food Microbiol. 2006; 23(4):351-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2005.05.005. View

14.

Mateo F, Gadea R, Medina A, Mateo R, Jimenez M . Predictive assessment of ochratoxin A accumulation in grape juice based-medium by Aspergillus carbonarius using neural networks. J Appl Microbiol. 2009; 107(3):915-27. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04264.x. View

15.

Battilani P, Pietri A, Bertuzzi T, Languasco L, Giorni P, Kozakiewicz Z . Occurrence of ochratoxin A-producing fungi in grapes grown in Italy. J Food Prot. 2003; 66(4):633-6. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-66.4.633. View

16.

Gallo A, Bruno K, Solfrizzo M, Perrone G, Mule G, Visconti A . New insight into the ochratoxin A biosynthetic pathway through deletion of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene in Aspergillus carbonarius. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012; 78(23):8208-18. PMC: 3497364. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02508-12. View

17.

Tassou C, Natskoulis P, Magan N, Panagou E . Effect of temperature and water activity on growth and ochratoxin A production boundaries of two Aspergillus carbonarius isolates on a simulated grape juice medium. J Appl Microbiol. 2009; 107(1):257-68. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04203.x. View

18.

Sonenberg N, Hinnebusch A . Regulation of translation initiation in eukaryotes: mechanisms and biological targets. Cell. 2009; 136(4):731-45. PMC: 3610329. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.042. View

19.

Esteban A, Abarca M, Bragulat M, Cabanes F . Study of the effect of water activity and temperature on ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius. Food Microbiol. 2006; 23(7):634-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2005.12.006. View

20.

Gallo A, Knox B, Bruno K, Solfrizzo M, Baker S, Perrone G . Identification and characterization of the polyketide synthase involved in ochratoxin A biosynthesis in Aspergillus carbonarius. Int J Food Microbiol. 2014; 179:10-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.03.013. View