Infection Burden in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties: an International Registry-based Perspective

Background: Infection remains a leading cause of failure of hip and knee replacements. Infection burden is the ratio of implants revised for infection to the total number of arthroplasties in a specific period, measuring the steady state of infection in a registry. We hypothesized infection burden would be similar among arthroplasty registries.

Methods: We evaluated publicly reported data from 6 arthroplasty registries (Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry [AOANJRR], New Zealand Joint Registry, Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register, National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man, and the American Joint Replacement Registry) for revisions performed with an infection diagnosis over the last 6 years.

Results: The 2015 hip infection burden varied between registries from 0.76% (AOANJRR) to 1.24% (Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register), and the unweighted overall average for hip infection burden was 0.97%. In 2012, 2013, and 2014, average hip infection burden held steady at 0.87%, 0.93%, and 0.94%, respectively, higher than the preceding 2 years. The 2015 knee infection burden varied from 0.88% (AOANJRR) to 1.28% (Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register), and the unweighted average was 1.03%. In 2012, 2013, and 2014, knee infection burden was 1.04%, 1.11%, and 1.02%, respectively. These numbers were also higher than the preceding 2 years.

Conclusions: Infection burden may be one measure of the overall success in registry populations as well as monitoring the steady state of infection worldwide. Despite global efforts to reduce postoperative infection, infection burden has actually increased in the selected registries over time.