Associations of CAIDE Dementia Risk Score with MRI, PIB-PET Measures, And cognition

Overview

Journal J Alzheimers Dis

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialties Geriatrics
Neurology

Date 2017 Jul 4

PMID 28671114

Citations 30

Authors

Ruth Stephen

Yawu Liu

Tiia Ngandu

Juha O Rinne

Nina Kemppainen

Riitta Parkkola

Tiina Laatikainen

Teemu Paajanen

Tuomo Hanninen

Timo Strandberg

Riitta Antikainen

Jaakko Tuomilehto

Sirkka Keinanen Kiukaanniemi

Ritva Vanninen

Seppo Helisalmi

Esko Levalahti

Miia Kivipelto

Hilkka Soininen

Alina Solomon

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: CAIDE Dementia Risk Score is the first validated tool for estimating dementia risk based on a midlife risk profile.

Objectives: This observational study investigated longitudinal associations of CAIDE Dementia Risk Score with brain MRI, amyloid burden evaluated with PIB-PET, and detailed cognition measures.

Methods: FINGER participants were at-risk elderly without dementia. CAIDE Risk Score was calculated using data from previous national surveys (mean age 52.4 years). In connection to baseline FINGER visit (on average 17.6 years later, mean age 70.1 years), 132 participants underwent MRI scans, and 48 underwent PIB-PET scans. All 1,260 participants were cognitively assessed (Neuropsychological Test Battery, NTB). Neuroimaging assessments included brain cortical thickness and volumes (Freesurfer 5.0.3), visually rated medial temporal atrophy (MTA), white matter lesions (WML), and amyloid accumulation.

Results: Higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score was related to more pronounced deep WML (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.43), lower total gray matter (β-coefficient -0.29, p = 0.001) and hippocampal volume (β-coefficient -0.28, p = 0.003), lower cortical thickness (β-coefficient -0.19, p = 0.042), and poorer cognition (β-coefficients -0.31 for total NTB score, -0.25 for executive functioning, -0.33 for processing speed, and -0.20 for memory, all p < 0.001). Higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score including APOE genotype was additionally related to more pronounced MTA (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.30). No associations were found with periventricular WML or amyloid accumulation.

Conclusions: The CAIDE Dementia Risk Score was related to indicators of cerebrovascular changes and neurodegeneration on MRI, and cognition. The lack of association with brain amyloid accumulation needs to be verified in studies with larger sample sizes.

Citing Articles

Comment on "Predicting cognitive function and dementia risk in patients with hypertension".

Li K, Xu Y, Weng J, Xu Z Hypertens Res. 2025; 48(3):1248-1249.

PMID: 39814973 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-025-02117-y.

Exploring the Relationship Between CAIDE Dementia Risk and EEG Signal Activity in a Healthy Population.

Manuel A, Ribeiro P, Silva G, Rodrigues P, Nunes M Brain Sci. 2024; 14(11).

PMID: 39595883 PMC: 11592169. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14111120.

Modifiable dementia risk associated with smaller white matter volume and altered 1/f aperiodic brain activity: cross-sectional insights from the LEISURE study.

Pace T, Levenstein J, Anijarv T, Campbell A, Treacy C, Hermens D Age Ageing. 2024; 53(11).

PMID: 39523601 PMC: 11551051. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae243.

Association of modifiable risk factors with progression to dementia in relation to amyloid and tau pathology.

Huszar Z, Solomon A, Engh M, Koszovacz V, Terebessy T, Molnar Z Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024; 16(1):238.

PMID: 39462394 PMC: 11515263. DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01602-9.

Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia Among Non-Hispanic White and Black Populations Aged 50-64 in the United States, 2006-2016.

Wei J, Lohman M, Brown M, Hardin J, Yang C, Merchant A J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2024; 38(2):106-114.

PMID: 39037016 PMC: 11783974. DOI: 10.1177/08919887241267315.

References

Fazekas F, Chawluk J, Alavi A, Hurtig H, Zimmerman R . MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987; 149(2):351-6. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.149.2.351. View

Schneider L, Mangialasche F, Andreasen N, Feldman H, Giacobini E, Jones R . Clinical trials and late-stage drug development for Alzheimer's disease: an appraisal from 1984 to 2014. J Intern Med. 2014; 275(3):251-83. PMC: 3956752. DOI: 10.1111/joim.12191. View

Enache D, Solomon A, Cavallin L, Kareholt I, Gregoric Kramberger M, Aarsland D . CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in memory clinic patients without dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2016; 42:124-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.007. View

Fotuhi M, Do D, Jack C . Modifiable factors that alter the size of the hippocampus with ageing. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012; 8(4):189-202. DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.27. View

Jack Jr C, Wiste H, Knopman D, Vemuri P, Mielke M, Weigand S . Rates of β-amyloid accumulation are independent of hippocampal neurodegeneration. Neurology. 2014; 82(18):1605-12. PMC: 4013810. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000386. View

Morris J, HEYMAN A, Mohs R, Hughes J, van Belle G, Fillenbaum G . The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1989; 39(9):1159-65. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.39.9.1159. View

Dubois B, Feldman H, Jacova C, Hampel H, Molinuevo J, Blennow K . Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2014; 13(6):614-29. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0. View

Kivipelto M, Solomon A, Ahtiluoto S, Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Antikainen R . The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER): study design and progress. Alzheimers Dement. 2013; 9(6):657-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.09.012. View

Tuomilehto H, Peltonen M, Partinen M, Seppa J, Saaristo T, Korpi-Hyovalti E . Sleep-disordered breathing is related to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men, but not in women--the FIN-D2D survey. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007; 10(6):468-75. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00729.x. View

10.

Fjell A, McEvoy L, Holland D, Dale A, Walhovd K . What is normal in normal aging? Effects of aging, amyloid and Alzheimer's disease on the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Prog Neurobiol. 2014; 117:20-40. PMC: 4343307. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.02.004. View

11.

Solomon A, Mangialasche F, Richard E, Andrieu S, Bennett D, Breteler M . Advances in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. J Intern Med. 2014; 275(3):229-50. PMC: 4390027. DOI: 10.1111/joim.12178. View

12.

Kaffashian S, Dugravot A, Elbaz A, Shipley M, Sabia S, Kivimaki M . Predicting cognitive decline: a dementia risk score vs. the Framingham vascular risk scores. Neurology. 2013; 80(14):1300-6. PMC: 3656460. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828ab370. View

13.

Chetelat G . Alzheimer disease: Aβ-independent processes-rethinking preclinical AD. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013; 9(3):123-4. PMC: 3935395. DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.21. View

14.

Han X, Jovicich J, Salat D, van der Kouwe A, Quinn B, Czanner S . Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: the effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer. Neuroimage. 2006; 32(1):180-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.051. View

15.

Kemppainen N, Aalto S, Wilson I, Nagren K, Helin S, Bruck A . Voxel-based analysis of PET amyloid ligand [11C]PIB uptake in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2006; 67(9):1575-80. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000240117.55680.0a. View

16.

Scheltens P, Leys D, Barkhof F, Huglo D, Weinstein H, Vermersch P . Atrophy of medial temporal lobes on MRI in "probable" Alzheimer's disease and normal ageing: diagnostic value and neuropsychological correlates. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992; 55(10):967-72. PMC: 1015202. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.55.10.967. View

17.

Girouard H, Iadecola C . Neurovascular coupling in the normal brain and in hypertension, stroke, and Alzheimer disease. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005; 100(1):328-35. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00966.2005. View

18.

Norton S, Matthews F, Barnes D, Yaffe K, Brayne C . Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease: an analysis of population-based data. Lancet Neurol. 2014; 13(8):788-94. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70136-X. View

19.

Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, Levalahti E, Ahtiluoto S, Antikainen R . A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015; 385(9984):2255-63. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5. View

20.

Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P . "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975; 12(3):189-98. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6. View