High Expression of MMP9 in Glioma Affects Cell Proliferation and is Associated with Patient Survival Rates

Human gliomas are a heterogeneous group of primary malignant brain tumors, which most commonly occur in the central nervous system of children and adults. Previous studies have suggested a prognostic role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in glioma, however, the frequency and significance of the protein expression of MMP9 in glioma remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the expression of MMP9 was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. MTT and colony-forming assays were used to detect the role of MMP9 in the proliferation of glioma cells. MMP9 copy numbers in glioma were examined using qPCR. The results indicated that the expression level of MMP9 was significantly increased in glioma and was associated with World Health Organization (WHO) glioma grades. The high expression of MMP9 in tissues was an independent predictor of survival rates in patients with WHO grade III tumors. The overexpression of MMP9 promoted cell growth and induced a significant increase in clonogenic potential in U87 glioblastoma cell lines. These experimental data suggested that the overexpression of MMP9 in glioblastoma cells may occur primarily through an increase in gene copy number. The results of the present study suggested that the overexpression of MMP9 may be necessary for the transition to the more aggressive phenotype typical of WHO grade III gliomas, suggesting the likely involvement of the MMP9 gene in gliomagenesis and disease progression.