Over-expression of Leads to an Early Flowering Habit in Strawberry ( × ) and Its Asexual Progeny

As a master regulator involved in flower development, -like gene has been demonstrated to play a key role in the flowering process regulation of angiosperms. Expression analysis of , a () homolog of loquat ( Lindl.), indicated its participation in the regulation of flowering in loquat. To verify its function and potential value in the genetic engineering to shorten the juvenile phase, ectopic expression of in strawberry ( × ) was achieved using -mediated gene transfer of a plant expression vector with the loquat gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. Totally 59 plantlets were verified to be the transformants. The presence, expression and integration of in the transformants were assessed by PCR, quantitative real-time PCR and Southern blot, respectively. Constitutive expression of in strawberry accelerated the flowering process in strawberry with the shorten necessary period for flowering induction, development of flower and fruit set. While vegetative growth habits of the transformants in the first cropping season were consistent with the WT ones. Meanwhile, both the flowers and fruits of the transformants were also as same as those of the WT ones. Furthermore, the early-flowering habit was maintained in their asexual progeny, the runner plants. While with continuous asexual propagation, the clones showed a more strengthen early-flowering phenotype, such as the reduced vegetative growth and the abnormal floral organs in individual plantlets. These results demonstrated the function of this gene and at the same time provided us new insights into the utilization potential of such genes in the genetic engineering of perennial fruits.