Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (XMRV) and the Safety of the Blood Supply

Overview

Journal Clin Microbiol Rev

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2016 Jul 1

PMID 27358491

Citations 4

Authors

Andrew D Johnson

Claudia S Cohn

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In 2006, a new virus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), was discovered in a cohort of U.S. men with prostate cancer. Soon after this initial finding, XMRV was also detected in samples from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The blood community, which is highly sensitive to the threat of emerging infectious diseases since the HIV/AIDS crisis, recommended indefinite deferral of all blood donors with a history of CFS. As XMRV research progressed, conflicting results emerged regarding the importance of this virus in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer and/or CFS. Molecular biologists traced the development of XMRV to a recombination event in a laboratory mouse that likely occurred circa 1993. The virus was propagated via cell lines derived from a tumor present in this mouse and spread through contamination of laboratory samples. Well-controlled experiments showed that detection of XMRV was due to contaminated samples and was not a marker of or a causal factor in prostate cancer or CFS. This paper traces the development of XMRV in the prostate and CFS scientific communities and explores the effect it had on the blood community.

Citing Articles

Characterization of a new case of XMLV (Bxv1) contamination in the human cell line Hep2 (clone 2B).

Loiseau V, Cordaux R, Giraud I, Beby-Defaux A, Leveque N, Gilbert C Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):16046.

PMID: 32994520 PMC: 7524804. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73169-y.

Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

Rasa S, Nora-Krukle Z, Henning N, Eliassen E, Shikova E, Harrer T J Transl Med. 2018; 16(1):268.

PMID: 30285773 PMC: 6167797. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1644-y.

A Survey on Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) and Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (XMRV) Coinfection in Tehran, Iran.

Keshavarz M, Karbalaie Niya M, Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Mozaffari Nejad A, Monavari S, Keyvani H J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2018; 10(3):166-171.

PMID: 30237687 PMC: 6142885. DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_25_18.

XMRV and Public Health: The Retroviral Genome Is Not a Suitable Template for Diagnostic PCR, and Its Association with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Appears Unreliable.

Panelli S, Lorusso L, Balestrieri A, Lupo G, Capelli E Front Public Health. 2017; 5:108.

PMID: 28589117 PMC: 5439170. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00108.

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