Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor from Embryonic Status to Cardiovascular Pathology

Overview

Journal Rep Biochem Mol Biol

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2016 Mar 19

PMID 26989723

Citations 16

Authors

Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional cytokine with distinct functions in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, vascular permeability, and hematopoiesis. VEGF is a highly conserved, disulfide-bonded dimeric glycoprotein of 34 to 45 kDa produced by several cell types including fibroblasts, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, particularly T lymphocytes and macrophages. Six VEGF isoforms are generated as a result of alternative splicing from a single VEGF gene, consisting of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, or 206 amino acids. VEGF121, VEGF145, and VEGF165 are secreted whereas VEGF183, VEGF189, and VEGF206 are cell membrane-bound. VEGF145 has a key role during the vascularization of the human ovarian follicle and corpus luteum, in the placentation and embryonic periods, and in bone and wound healing, while VEGF165 is the most abundant and biologically active isoform. VEGF has been linked with a number of vascular pathologies including cardiovascular diseases such ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes and its related complications. In this review we aimed to present some important roles of VEGF in a number of clinical issues and indicate its involvement in several phenomena from the initial steps of the embryonic period to cardiovascular diseases.

Citing Articles

Predictive value of the sFlt‑1/PlGF ratio in women with suspected preeclampsia: An update (Review).

Velegrakis A, Kouvidi E, Fragkiadaki P, Sifakis S Int J Mol Med. 2023; 52(4).

PMID: 37594116 PMC: 10500221. DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5292.

Effect of Angiogenesis in Bone Tissue Engineering.

Huang J, Han Q, Cai M, Zhu J, Li L, Yu L Ann Biomed Eng. 2022; 50(8):898-913.

PMID: 35525871 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02970-9.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A and Its Type 1 Receptor in Supratentorial Neoplasm.

Rezaee H, Abbasnia S, Alenabi A, Vakili R, Moheghi N, Tavakol Afshari J Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2022; 10(3):354-361.

PMID: 34981011 PMC: 8718773. DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.3.354.

Congenital Transmission of Apicomplexan Parasites: A Review.

Rojas-Pirela M, Medina L, Rojas M, Liempi A, Castillo C, Perez-Perez E Front Microbiol. 2021; 12:751648.

PMID: 34659187 PMC: 8519608. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.751648.

Crosstalk between MUC1 and VEGF in angiogenesis and metastasis: a review highlighting roles of the MUC1 with an emphasis on metastatic and angiogenic signaling.

Khodabakhsh F, Merikhian P, Eisavand M, Farahmand L Cancer Cell Int. 2021; 21(1):200.

PMID: 33836774 PMC: 8033681. DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01899-8.

References

Gerber H, Malik A, Solar G, Sherman D, Liang X, Meng G . VEGF regulates haematopoietic stem cell survival by an internal autocrine loop mechanism. Nature. 2002; 417(6892):954-8. DOI: 10.1038/nature00821. View

Foster R, Hole R, Anderson K, Satchell S, Coward R, Mathieson P . Functional evidence that vascular endothelial growth factor may act as an autocrine factor on human podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003; 284(6):F1263-73. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00276.2002. View

Lieb W, Safa R, Benjamin E, Xanthakis V, Yin X, Sullivan L . Vascular endothelial growth factor, its soluble receptor, and hepatocyte growth factor: clinical and genetic correlates and association with vascular function. Eur Heart J. 2009; 30(9):1121-7. PMC: 2721714. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp007. View

Debette S, Visvikis-Siest S, Chen M, Ndiaye N, Song C, Destefano A . Identification of cis- and trans-acting genetic variants explaining up to half the variation in circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Circ Res. 2011; 109(5):554-63. PMC: 3193930. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.243790. View

Heeschen C, Dimmeler S, Hamm C, Boersma E, Zeiher A, Simoons M . Prognostic significance of angiogenic growth factor serum levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2003; 107(4):524-30. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000048183.37648.1a. View

Fitzpatrick T, Graham C . Stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in immortalized human trophoblast cells cultured under low levels of oxygen. Exp Cell Res. 1998; 245(1):155-62. DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4240. View

Thanigaimani S, Kichenadasse G, Mangoni A . The emerging role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascular homeostasis: lessons from recent trials with anti-VEGF drugs. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2010; 9(3):358-80. DOI: 10.2174/157016111795495503. View

Tarantino G, Lobello R, Scopacasa F, Contaldo F, Pasanisi F, Cirillo M . The contribution of omental adipose tissue to adipokine concentrations in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Clin Invest Med. 2007; 30(5):E192-9. DOI: 10.25011/cim.v30i5.2895. View

Harper S, Bates D . VEGF-A splicing: the key to anti-angiogenic therapeutics?. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008; 8(11):880-7. PMC: 2613352. DOI: 10.1038/nrc2505. View

10.

Sun K, Kusminski C, Scherer P . Adipose tissue remodeling and obesity. J Clin Invest. 2011; 121(6):2094-101. PMC: 3104761. DOI: 10.1172/JCI45887. View

11.

Folkman J . Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat Med. 1995; 1(1):27-31. DOI: 10.1038/nm0195-27. View

12.

Santilli F, Spagnoli A, Mohn A, Tumini S, Verrotti A, Cipollone F . Increased vascular endothelial growth factor serum concentrations may help to identify patients with onset of type 1 diabetes during childhood at risk for developing persistent microalbuminuria. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86(8):3871-6. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.8.7752. View

13.

Ferrara N . Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. Endocr Rev. 2004; 25(4):581-611. DOI: 10.1210/er.2003-0027. View

14.

Wada H, Satoh N, Kitaoka S, Ono K, Morimoto T, Kawamura T . Soluble VEGF receptor-2 is increased in sera of subjects with metabolic syndrome in association with insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis. 2009; 208(2):512-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.045. View

15.

Azimi-Nezhad M, Stathopoulou M, Bonnefond A, Rancier M, Saleh A, Lamont J . Associations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with adhesion and inflammation molecules in a healthy population. Cytokine. 2012; 61(2):602-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.024. View

16.

Kressel G, Trunz B, Bub A, Hulsmann O, Wolters M, Lichtinghagen R . Systemic and vascular markers of inflammation in relation to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in adults with elevated atherosclerosis risk. Atherosclerosis. 2008; 202(1):263-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.012. View

17.

Tsilibary E . Microvascular basement membranes in diabetes mellitus. J Pathol. 2003; 200(4):537-46. DOI: 10.1002/path.1439. View

18.

Armstrong A, Voyles S, Armstrong E, Fuller E, Rutledge J . Angiogenesis and oxidative stress: common mechanisms linking psoriasis with atherosclerosis. J Dermatol Sci. 2011; 63(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.04.007. View

19.

Murata T, Nagai R, Ishibashi T, Inomuta H, Ikeda K, Horiuchi S . The relationship between accumulation of advanced glycation end products and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human diabetic retinas. Diabetologia. 1997; 40(7):764-9. DOI: 10.1007/s001250050747. View

20.

Holm P, Slart R, Zeebregts C, Hillebrands J, Tio R . Atherosclerotic plaque development and instability: a dual role for VEGF. Ann Med. 2008; 41(4):257-64. DOI: 10.1080/07853890802516507. View