Characterisation of a Household Norovirus Outbreak Occurred in Valencia (Spain)

Overview

Journal BMC Infect Dis

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2016 Mar 13

PMID 26968797

Citations 5

Authors

Noelia Carmona-Vicente

Manuel Fernandez-Jimenez

Susana Vila-Vicent

Jesus Rodriguez-Diaz

Javier Buesa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the main cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Several studies have linked human susceptibility to NoVs with the expression of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). In January 2012, a NoV gastroenteritis outbreak affected a household in Valencia, Spain, and the personal susceptibility to NoV was investigated.

Methods: To reach this aim 8 members of the affected household were recruited for this study and their secretor status, ABO and Lewis antigens were determined. NoV-specific saliva IgA and serum IgG antibody titers were analyzed. Their capacity to block viral binding to saliva receptors was analyzed, using virus-like particles (VLPs) of the NoV GII.4 genotype, 2006b variant, and saliva from a secretor O blood type donor.

Results: The most relevant finding was that an asymptomatic non-secretor individual shed NoVs in his stools. Interestingly, anti-NoV IgA antibody titers in saliva from secretor and non-secretor individuals showed no differences. On the contrary, high titers of NoV-specific IgG antibody were found in both convalescent sera and in sera collected 1 year post-infection, but only from secretor individuals. NoV GII.4-2006b VLP binding to receptors present in the saliva was efficiently blocked only by sera from secretor positive individuals.

Conclusions: Despite the small number of individuals involved in this outbreak, this study reinforces the idea that susceptibility to human NoV is both dependent on the HBGA profile of the individuals as well as on the viral genotype and variant. We also show that the immunity to NoV lasts for at least 1 year after infection, demonstrating that symptomatic infections strongly stimulate immune responses.

Citing Articles

Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis Vesikari Score and Pre-Existing Salivary IgA in Young Children from Rural South Africa.

Kabue J, Khumela R, Meader E, Moraes M, Traore A, Potgieter N Viruses. 2023; 15(11).

PMID: 38005863 PMC: 10674611. DOI: 10.3390/v15112185.

Linear epitopes on the capsid protein of norovirus commonly elicit high antibody response among past-infected individuals.

Deng Y, He T, Li B, Yuan H, Zhang F, Wu H Virol J. 2023; 20(1):115.

PMID: 37280660 PMC: 10242594. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02087-y.

Norovirus transmission mediated by asymptomatic family members in households.

Phattanawiboon B, Nonthabenjawan N, Boonyos P, Jetsukontorn C, Towayunanta W, Chuntrakool K PLoS One. 2020; 15(7):e0236502.

PMID: 32702014 PMC: 7377487. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236502.

The Interactions between Host Glycobiology, Bacterial Microbiota, and Viruses in the Gut.

Monedero V, Buesa J, Rodriguez-Diaz J Viruses. 2018; 10(2).

PMID: 29495275 PMC: 5850403. DOI: 10.3390/v10020096.

Impact of Pre-exposure History and Host Genetics on Antibody Avidity Following Norovirus Vaccination.

Lindesmith L, Mallory M, Jones T, Richardson C, Goodwin R, Baehner F J Infect Dis. 2017; 215(6):984-991.

PMID: 28453838 PMC: 5853323. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix045.

References

Jones M, Watanabe M, Zhu S, Graves C, Keyes L, Grau K . Enteric bacteria promote human and mouse norovirus infection of B cells. Science. 2014; 346(6210):755-9. PMC: 4401463. DOI: 10.1126/science.1257147. View

Miura T, Sano D, Suenaga A, Yoshimura T, Fuzawa M, Nakagomi T . Histo-blood group antigen-like substances of human enteric bacteria as specific adsorbents for human noroviruses. J Virol. 2013; 87(17):9441-51. PMC: 3754087. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01060-13. View

Murakami K, Kurihara C, Oka T, Shimoike T, Fujii Y, Takai-Todaka R . Norovirus binding to intestinal epithelial cells is independent of histo-blood group antigens. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e66534. PMC: 3682964. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066534. View

Koda Y, Soejima M, Kimura H . The polymorphisms of fucosyltransferases. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2003; 3(1):2-14. DOI: 10.1016/s1344-6223(01)00005-0. View

Carmona-Vicente N, Fernandez-Jimenez M, Ribes J, Tellez-Castillo C, Khodayar-Pardo P, Rodriguez-Diaz J . Norovirus infections and seroprevalence of genotype GII.4-specific antibodies in a Spanish population. J Med Virol. 2015; 87(4):675-82. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24112. View

Okhuysen P, Jiang X, Ye L, Johnson P, Estes M . Viral shedding and fecal IgA response after Norwalk virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1995; 171(3):566-9. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/171.3.566. View

Ruvoen-Clouet N, Belliot G, Le Pendu J . Noroviruses and histo-blood groups: the impact of common host genetic polymorphisms on virus transmission and evolution. Rev Med Virol. 2013; 23(6):355-66. DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1757. View

Vinje J . Advances in laboratory methods for detection and typing of norovirus. J Clin Microbiol. 2014; 53(2):373-81. PMC: 4298492. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01535-14. View

Carlsson B, Lindberg A, Rodriguez-Diaz J, Hedlund K, Persson B, Svensson L . Quasispecies dynamics and molecular evolution of human norovirus capsid P region during chronic infection. J Gen Virol. 2009; 90(Pt 2):432-441. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.005082-0. View

10.

Glass R, Parashar U, Estes M . Norovirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(18):1776-85. PMC: 3880795. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra0804575. View

11.

Kelly R, Rouquier S, Giorgi D, Lennon G, Lowe J . Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). Homozygosity for an enzyme-inactivating nonsense mutation commonly correlates with the non-secretor phenotype. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270(9):4640-9. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4640. View

12.

Verhoef L, Kouyos R, Vennema H, Kroneman A, Siebenga J, van Pelt W . An integrated approach to identifying international foodborne norovirus outbreaks. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011; 17(3):412-8. PMC: 3166008. DOI: 10.3201/eid1703.100979. View

13.

Baldridge M, Nice T, McCune B, Yokoyama C, Kambal A, Wheadon M . Commensal microbes and interferon-λ determine persistence of enteric murine norovirus infection. Science. 2014; 347(6219):266-9. PMC: 4409937. DOI: 10.1126/science.1258025. View

14.

Marionneau S, Airaud F, Bovin N, Le Pendu J, Ruvoen-Clouet N . Influence of the combined ABO, FUT2, and FUT3 polymorphism on susceptibility to Norwalk virus attachment. J Infect Dis. 2005; 192(6):1071-7. DOI: 10.1086/432546. View

15.

Le Pendu J, Nystrom K, Ruvoen-Clouet N . Host-pathogen co-evolution and glycan interactions. Curr Opin Virol. 2014; 7:88-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.06.001. View

16.

Han L, Tan M, Xia M, Kitova E, Jiang X, Klassen J . Gangliosides are ligands for human noroviruses. J Am Chem Soc. 2014; 136(36):12631-7. PMC: 4160279. DOI: 10.1021/ja505272n. View

17.

Buesa J, Collado B, Rodriguez Diaz J, GARCIA DIAZ A, Prat J, Guix S . Molecular epidemiology of caliciviruses causing outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in Spain. J Clin Microbiol. 2002; 40(8):2854-9. PMC: 120653. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2854-2859.2002. View

18.

Lindesmith L, Moe C, Marionneau S, Ruvoen N, Jiang X, Lindblad L . Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection. Nat Med. 2003; 9(5):548-53. DOI: 10.1038/nm860. View

19.

Rydell G, Kindberg E, Larson G, Svensson L . Susceptibility to winter vomiting disease: a sweet matter. Rev Med Virol. 2011; 21(6):370-82. DOI: 10.1002/rmv.704. View

20.

Tan M, Jiang X . Norovirus-host interaction: implications for disease control and prevention. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2007; 9(19):1-22. DOI: 10.1017/S1462399407000348. View