Metastatic Disease in the Stomach

Overview

Journal Gastrointest Tumors

Date 2015 Dec 18

PMID 26674003

Citations 19

Authors

Joche Weigt

Pete Malfertheiner

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Gastric metastases are rare and represent a late and progressed stage of malignant disease. This review highlights epidemiological, clinical and endoscopic findings as well as therapeutic strategies for metastatic disease of the stomach.

Summary: The clinical presentation of gastric metastases is highly unspecific. The endoscopic appearance of gastric metastases is heterogeneous, but the most prevalent findings are solitary and submucosal lesions in the gastric wall. The most prevalent primary tumor spreading to the stomach is breast cancer, followed by renal cell cancer and many others. In general, gastric metastases occur in a late stage of malignant disease and frequently indicate short survival. Specific therapy for gastric metastases does not exist and is mainly performed with chemotherapy according to the primary tumor. Compared with other metastatic diseases, gastric metastases of renal cell cancer and breast cancer need distinct consideration. Gastric metastasis of these cancers presents with a better prognosis, as patients with these conditions can be offered effective chemotherapeutic treatment.

Key Message: Gastric metastatic disease is a rare clinical presentation. The pathophysiology of gastric metastatic seeding is not well understood.

Practical Implications: In the course of malignant disease the presence of gastric metastases should be taken into account if mucosal or submucosal gastric lesions are present. Therapy in general depends on the primary tumor.

Citing Articles

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting as gastrointestinal bleeding.

Nario S, Househ Z, Al-Sohaily S JGH Open. 2024; 8(11):e70048.

PMID: 39512625 PMC: 11540832. DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.70048.

Gastric metastasis of small cell lung carcinoma: A rare but noteworthy entity to consider.

Dursun C, Tugcu A, Dogru G World J Clin Oncol. 2024; 15(10):1379-1382.

PMID: 39473859 PMC: 11514510. DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i10.1379.

A case study of pyloric stenosis caused by metastatic lobular carcinoma of breast.

Yoshida T, Shimada A, Matsumoto K, Inukai M, Hashimoto R, Matsuda M J Surg Case Rep. 2024; 2023(12):rjad691.

PMID: 38163054 PMC: 10755088. DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad691.

Breast cancer metastasizing to the upper gastrointestinal tract (the esophagus and the stomach): A comprehensive review of the literature.

Da Cunha T, Restrepo D, Abi-Saleh S, Dharan M World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2023; 15(8):1332-1341.

PMID: 37663940 PMC: 10473935. DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1332.

Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Gastrointestinal Tract With Unusual Endoscopic and Histologic Presentations.

Kimchy A, Umoren M, Rosenberg J, Ilagan C, Nithagon P, Shafa S ACG Case Rep J. 2023; 9(12):e00938.

PMID: 36600790 PMC: 9794355. DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000938.

References

Kim Y, Kang B, Sung S . Surgically resected gastric metastasis of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2013; 5(10):278-81. PMC: 3812443. DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v5.i10.278. View

Eivazi-Ziaei J, Esmaili H . Metastatic malignant melanoma affecting stomach. J Cancer Res Ther. 2014; 10(3):733-6. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.136029. View

Rana S, Chaudhary V, Bhasin D . Narrow band imaging appearance of gastric metastasis from malignant melanoma. Ann Gastroenterol. 2014; 26(4):353. PMC: 3959478. View

De Palma G, Masone S, Rega M, Simeoli I, Donisi M, Addeo P . Metastatic tumors to the stomach: clinical and endoscopic features. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(45):7326-8. PMC: 4087491. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i45.7326. View

Kobayashi O, Murakami H, Yoshida T, Cho H, Yoshikawa T, Tsuburaya A . Clinical diagnosis of metastatic gastric tumors: clinicopathologic findings and prognosis of nine patients in a single cancer center. World J Surg. 2004; 28(6):548-51. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-004-7216-8. View

Shaaban H, Modi Y, Modi T, Guron G . Diffuse gastroduodenal metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma presenting as amelanotic "volcano-like" ulcers. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2013; 45(1):116-7. DOI: 10.1007/s12029-013-9515-5. View

Onorati M, Petracco G, Uboldi P, Redaelli D, Romagnoli S, Albertoni M . A solitary polypoid gastric metastasis 20 years after renal cell carcinoma: an event to be considered, and a brief review of the literature. Pathologica. 2014; 105(4):132-6. View

Sakurai K, Muguruma K, Yamazoe S, Kimura K, Toyokawa T, Amano R . Gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma with gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report and review of the literature. Int Surg. 2014; 99(1):86-90. PMC: 3897349. DOI: 10.9738/INTSURG-D-13-00115.1. View

Mehrzad R, Agarwal A, Faller G, Fiore J . Prostate cancer metastasis to the stomach: 9 years after the initial diagnosis--case report and a literature review. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2013; 45 Suppl 1:40-3. DOI: 10.1007/s12029-013-9527-1. View

10.

Kim G, Ahn J, Jung H, Park Y, Kim M, Choi K . Clinical and Endoscopic Features of Metastatic Tumors in the Stomach. Gut Liver. 2014; 9(5):615-22. PMC: 4562778. DOI: 10.5009/gnl14032. View

11.

Namikawa T, Hanazaki K . Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of metastatic tumors in the stomach. Surg Today. 2013; 44(8):1392-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0671-9. View

12.

Kumcu E, Gonultas M, Unverdi H, Hucumenoglu S . Gastric metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma presenting as a polypoid mass. Endoscopy. 2014; 46 Suppl 1 UCTN:E464. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1377550. View

13.

Ozturk O, Basar O, Koklu S, Yuksel O, Purnak T, Sokmensuer C . An unusual presentation of malignant melanoma: amelanotic gastric metastasis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015; 110(3):476. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.434. View

14.

ODA , Kondo H, Yamao T, Saito D, Ono H, Gotoda T . Metastatic tumors to the stomach: analysis of 54 patients diagnosed at endoscopy and 347 autopsy cases. Endoscopy. 2001; 33(6):507-10. DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-14960. View

15.

Sofos S, Azagra J, Arru L, Ries F, Leider P, Weber J . Multidisciplinary management of a gastric metastasis of uveal melanoma presenting 12 years after enucleation. Bull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb. 2014; (2):63-8. View