Triiodothyronine Stimulates Specifically Growth Hormone MRNA in Rat Pituitary Tumor Cells

Overview

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Specialty Science

Date 1977 May 1

PMID 266726

Citations 27

Authors

H Seo

G Vassart

H Brocas

S Refetoff

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, total RNA extracted from cultured rat pituitary tumor (GH3) cells directed, in a dose-related manner, the synthesis of proteins that were precipitated by antisera specific to rat growth hormone (somatotropin) and rat prolactin. A marked decrease in growth hormone secretion and growth hormone mRNA activity was observed when cells were grown in a medium deficient in thyroid hormone. Addition of triiodothyronine in physiologic amounts both prevented and completely reversed this effect within 48 hr. Thyroid hormone had no effect on prolactin secretion or prolactin mRNA activity. These data suggest that thyroid hormone may stimulate synthesis of growth hormone through induction of transcriptional activity. The possibility of an additional effect at the posttranscriptional level has not been excluded. Although thyroid hormone is believed to have a general effect on a variety of metabolic processes, some effects, at the molecular level, may be quite selective, as indicated by the observed changes in growth hormone but not prolactin mRNA activity. The GH3 cell model is useful in the study of triiodothyronine action because of independence from secondary hormonal effects caused by hypothyroidism and because simultaneous measurement of prolactin mRNA activity serves as a unique internal control.

Citing Articles

The menace of endocrine disruptors on thyroid hormone physiology and their impact on intrauterine development.

Mastorakos G, Karoutsou E, Mizamtsidi M, Creatsas G Endocrine. 2007; 31(3):219-37.

PMID: 17906368 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-0030-y.

Growth hormone responses to thyroid hormone in the neonatal rat: resistance and anamnestic response.

Seo H, Wunderlich C, Vassart G, Refetoff S J Clin Invest. 1981; 67(2):569-74.

PMID: 7462429 PMC: 370601. DOI: 10.1172/JCI110068.

Alterations in albumin secretion and total protein synthesis in livers of thyroidectomized rats.

Peavy D, Taylor J, Jefferson L Biochem J. 1981; 198(2):289-99.

PMID: 7326007 PMC: 1163247. DOI: 10.1042/bj1980289.

Construction and characterization of a cDNA clone containing a portion of the bovine prolactin sequence.

Nilson J, Thomason A, Horowitz S, Sasavage N, Blenis J, Albers R Nucleic Acids Res. 1980; 8(7):1561-73.

PMID: 7001369 PMC: 324017. DOI: 10.1093/nar/8.7.1561.

Thyroid or glucocorticoid hormone induces pre-growth-hormone mRNA and its probable nuclear precursor in rat pituitary cells.

Dobner P, Kawasaki E, Yu L, Bancroft F Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981; 78(4):2230-4.

PMID: 6941282 PMC: 319318. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2230.

References

Burton K . A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J. 1956; 62(2):315-23. PMC: 1215910. DOI: 10.1042/bj0620315. View

Seo H, Refetoff S, Fang V . Induction of hypothyroidism and hypoprolactinemia by growth hormone producing rat pituitary tumors. Endocrinology. 1977; 100(1):216-26. DOI: 10.1210/endo-100-1-216. View

Brocas H, Seo H, Refetoff S, Vassart G . Simultaneous translation of growth hormone and prolactin messenger RNA from rat pituitary tumor cells. FEBS Lett. 1976; 70(1):175-9. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80752-1. View

Roy A . Androgen-dependent synthesis of aplha-2u globulin in the rat: role of the pituitary gland. J Endocrinol. 1973; 56(2):295-301. DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.0560295. View

Samuels H, Tsai J . Thyroid hormone action in cell culture: domonstration of nuclear receptors in intact cells and isolated nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973; 70(12):3488-92. PMC: 427265. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3488. View

Roy A, Schiop M, Dowbenko D . The role of thyroxine in the regulation of translatable messenger RNA for alpha2u globulin in rat liver. FEBS Lett. 1976; 64(2):396-9. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80335-3. View

Hervas F, Morreale de Escobar G, Escobar del Rey F . Rapid effects of single small doses of L-thyroxine and triiodo-L-thyronine on growth hormone, as studied in the rat by radioimmunoassy. Endocrinology. 1975; 97(1):91-101. DOI: 10.1210/endo-97-1-91. View

OPPENHEIMER J, Koerner D, Schwartz H, SURKS M . Specific nuclear triiodothyronine binding sites in rat liver and kidney. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1972; 35(2):330-3. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-35-2-330. View

Griswold M, Cohen P . Alteration of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activities in amphibian liver nuclei during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. J Biol Chem. 1972; 247(2):353-9. View

10.

DeGroot L, Refetoff S, Strausser J, Barsano C . Nuclear triiodothyronine-binding protein: partial characterization and binding to chromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974; 71(10):4042-6. PMC: 434324. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.4042. View

11.

MATHEWS R, Oronsky A, HASCHEMEYER A . Effect of thyroid hormone on polypeptide chain assembly kinetics in liver protein synthesis in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1973; 248(4):1329-33. View

12.

Rhoads R, McKnight G, Schimke R . Quantitative measurement of ovalbumin messenger ribonucleic acid activity. Localization in polysomes, induction by estrogen, and effect of actinomycin D. J Biol Chem. 1973; 248(6):2031-9. View

13.

Sussman P, Tushinski R, Bancroft F . Pregrowth hormone: product of the translation in vitro of messenger RNA coding for growth hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976; 73(1):29-33. PMC: 335832. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.1.29. View

14.

Evans G, Rosenfeld M . Cell-free synthesis of a prolactin precursor directed by mRNA from cultured rat pituitary cells. J Biol Chem. 1976; 251(9):2842-7. View

15.

Maurer R, Stone R, Gorski J . Cell-free synthesis of a large translation product of prolactin messenger RNA. J Biol Chem. 1976; 251(9):2801-7. View

16.

Kurtz D, Sippel A, FEIGELSON P . Effect of thyroid hormones on the level of the hepatic mRNA for alpha2u globulin. Biochemistry. 1976; 15(5):1031-6. DOI: 10.1021/bi00650a013. View

17.

Sokoloff L, Roberts P, Januska M, Kline J . Mechanisms of stimulation of protein synthesis by thyroid hormones in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968; 60(2):652-9. PMC: 225096. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.60.2.652. View

18.

Kim K, Cohen P . Modification of tadpole liver chromatin by thyroxine treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966; 55(5):1251-5. PMC: 224308. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.55.5.1251. View

19.

TASHJIAN Jr A, Bancroft F, Levine L . Production of both prolactin and growth hormone by clonal strains of rat pituitary tumor cells. Differential effects of hydrocortisone and tissue extracts. J Cell Biol. 1970; 47(1):61-70. PMC: 2108385. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.47.1.61. View

20.

Yang S, SANADI D . Changes in the distribution of transfer ribonucleic acid species specifically induced by thyroxine. J Biol Chem. 1969; 244(18):5081-3. View