Reverse Engineering Applied to Red Human Hair Pheomelanin Reveals Redox-Buffering As a Pro-Oxidant Mechanism

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2015 Dec 17

PMID 26669666

Citations 17

Authors

Eunkyoung Kim

Lucia Panzella

Raffaella Micillo

William E Bentley

Alessandra Napolitano

Gregory F Payne

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Pheomelanin has been implicated in the increased susceptibility to UV-induced melanoma for people with light skin and red hair. Recent studies identified a UV-independent pathway to melanoma carcinogenesis and implicated pheomelanin's pro-oxidant properties that act through the generation of reactive oxygen species and/or the depletion of cellular antioxidants. Here, we applied an electrochemically-based reverse engineering methodology to compare the redox properties of human hair pheomelanin with model synthetic pigments and natural eumelanin. This methodology exposes the insoluble melanin samples to complex potential (voltage) inputs and measures output response characteristics to assess redox activities. The results demonstrate that both eumelanin and pheomelanin are redox-active, they can rapidly (sec-min) and repeatedly redox-cycle between oxidized and reduced states, and pheomelanin possesses a more oxidative redox potential. This study suggests that pheomelanin's redox-based pro-oxidant activity may contribute to sustaining a chronic oxidative stress condition through a redox-buffering mechanism.

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