Resistance Integrons: Class 1, 2 and 3 Integrons

Overview

Journal Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Infectious Diseases
Microbiology

Date 2015 Oct 22

PMID 26487554

Citations 133

Authors

Yang Deng

Xuerui Bao

Lili Ji

Lei Chen

Junyan Liu

Jian Miao

Dingqiang Chen

Huawei Bian

Yanmei Li

Guangchao Yu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

As recently indiscriminate abuse of existing antibiotics in both clinical and veterinary treatment leads to proliferation of antibiotic resistance in microbes and poses a dilemma for the future treatment of such bacterial infection, antimicrobial resistance has been considered to be one of the currently leading concerns in global public health, and reported to widely spread and extended to a large variety of microorganisms. In China, as one of the currently worst areas for antibiotics abuse, the annual prescription of antibiotics, including both clinical and veterinary treatment, has approaching 140 gram per person and been roughly estimated to be 10 times higher than that in the United Kingdom, which is considered to be a potential area for the emergence of "Super Bugs". Based on the integrons surveillance in Guangzhou, China in the past decade, this review thus aimed at summarizing the role of integrons in the perspective of both clinical setting and environment, with the focus on the occurrence and prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons.

Citing Articles

Dynamic Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Isolates from 2019 to 2023 in Guizhou, China.

Wu J, You L, Liu Y, Long L, Wang M, Wei X Infect Drug Resist. 2025; 18:993-1006.

PMID: 39990778 PMC: 11847576. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S492042.

Unravelling the Antibiotic Resistance: Molecular Insights and Combating Therapies.

Palanikumar P, Nathan B, Muthusamy K, M S, Natesan S, Sampathrajan V Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2025; .

PMID: 39964597 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-025-05182-8.

Does Antibiotic Use Contribute to Biofilm Resistance in Sink Drains? A Case Study from Four German Hospital Wards.

van Leuven N, Lucassen R, Dicks A, Brass P, Lipski A, Bockmuhl D Antibiotics (Basel). 2025; 13(12.

PMID: 39766538 PMC: 11672680. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13121148.

Investigation of integron classes 1, 2, and 3 among multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Iran: a multi-center study.

Zomorodi A, Motamedifar M, Rahmanian K, Shakeri M, Hajikhani B, Heidari H BMC Infect Dis. 2024; 24(1):1430.

PMID: 39696000 PMC: 11653917. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10311-5.

Global genomic epidemiology of carbapenemase-associated integrons.

Matlock W, Shaw L, Stoesser N Microb Genom. 2024; 10(12).

PMID: 39630499 PMC: 11616780. DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001312.

References

Zhong N, Gui Z, Xu L, Huang J, Hu K, Gao Y . Solvent-free enzymatic synthesis of 1, 3-diacylglycerols by direct esterification of glycerol with saturated fatty acids. Lipids Health Dis. 2013; 12:65. PMC: 3680111. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-65. View

Guerout A, Mazel D . Super-integrons. Res Microbiol. 2000; 150(9-10):641-51. DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(99)00127-8. View

Xu Z, Li L, Shirtliff M, Peters B, Li B, Peng Y . Resistance class 1 integron in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in southern China, 2001-2006. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011; 17(5):714-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03379.x. View

Xu Z, Shi L, Alam M, Li L, Yamasaki S . Integron-bearing methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in South China, 2001-2004. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007; 278(2):223-30. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00994.x. View

Xu Z, Shi L, Zhang C, Zhang L, Li X, Cao Y . Nosocomial infection caused by class 1 integron-carrying Staphylococcus aureus in a hospital in South China. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007; 13(10):980-4. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01782.x. View

Fluit A, Schmitz F . Resistance integrons and super-integrons. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004; 10(4):272-88. DOI: 10.1111/j.1198-743X.2004.00858.x. View

Hansson K, Sundstrom L, Pelletier A, Roy P . IntI2 integron integrase in Tn7. J Bacteriol. 2002; 184(6):1712-21. PMC: 134885. DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.6.1712-1721.2002. View

Clark N, Olsvik O, Swenson J, Spiegel C, Tenover F . Detection of a streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferase gene (aadA) in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998; 43(1):157-60. PMC: 89037. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.1.157. View

Huang S, Chiu C, Chiou C, Yang Y . Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Panama carrying class 1 integrons is invasive in Taiwanese children. J Formos Med Assoc. 2013; 112(5):269-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.02.011. View

10.

Perez-Valdespino A, Fernandez-Rendon E, Curiel-Quesada E . Detection and characterization of class 1 integrons in Aeromonas spp. isolated from human diarrheic stool in Mexico. J Basic Microbiol. 2009; 49(6):572-8. DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200900095. View

11.

Barlow R, Gobius K . Diverse class 2 integrons in bacteria from beef cattle sources. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006; 58(6):1133-8. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl423. View

12.

Guerout A, Ploncard P, Dychinco B, Davies J, Mazel D . The evolutionary history of chromosomal super-integrons provides an ancestry for multiresistant integrons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001; 98(2):652-7. PMC: 14643. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.2.652. View

13.

Miko A, Pries K, Schroeter A, Helmuth R . Multiple-drug resistance in D-tartrate-positive Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi B isolates from poultry is mediated by class 2 integrons inserted into the bacterial chromosome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003; 47(11):3640-3. PMC: 253787. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.11.3640-3643.2003. View

14.

Labbate M, Case R, Stokes H . The integron/gene cassette system: an active player in bacterial adaptation. Methods Mol Biol. 2009; 532:103-25. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-853-9_6. View

15.

Partridge S, Collis C, Hall R . Class 1 integron containing a new gene cassette, aadA10, associated with Tn1404 from R151. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46(8):2400-8. PMC: 127381. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2400-2408.2002. View

16.

Sunde M . Prevalence and characterization of class 1 and class 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from meat and meat products of Norwegian origin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005; 56(6):1019-24. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki377. View

17.

Gassama-Sow A, Diallo M, Boye C, Garin B, Sire J, Sow A . Class 2 integron-associated antibiotic resistance in Shigella sonnei isolates in Dakar, Senegal. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006; 27(3):267-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.016. View

18.

Shahcheraghi F, Badmasti F, Feizabadi M . Molecular characterization of class 1 integrons in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical settings in Iran, Tehran. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2009; 58(3):421-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00636.x. View

19.

Arakawa Y, Murakami M, Suzuki K, Ito H, Wacharotayankun R, Ohsuka S . A novel integron-like element carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaIMP. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995; 39(7):1612-5. PMC: 162793. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.39.7.1612. View

20.

Sundstrom L . The potential of integrons and connected programmed rearrangements for mediating horizontal gene transfer. APMIS Suppl. 1998; 84:37-42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.1998.tb05646.x. View