Why the Radiation-attenuated Cercarial Immunization Studies Failed to Guide the Road for an Effective Schistosomiasis Vaccine: A Review

Overview

Journal J Adv Res

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2015 Aug 11

PMID 26257924

Citations 11

Authors

Rashika El Ridi

Hatem Tallima

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease caused by platyhelminthes of the genus Schistosoma, notably Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum. Pioneer researchers used radiation-attenuated (RA) schistosome larvae to immunize laboratory rodent and non-human primate hosts. Significant and reproducible reduction in challenge worm burden varying from 30% to 90% was achieved, providing a sound proof that vaccination against this infection is feasible. Extensive histopathological, tissue mincing and incubation, autoradiographic tracking, parasitological, and immunological studies led to defining conditions and settings for achieving optimal protection and delineating the resistance underlying mechanisms. The present review aims to summarize these findings and draw the lessons that should have guided the development of an effective schistosomiasis vaccine.

Citing Articles

Recent Advances and Methodological Considerations on Vaccine Candidates for Human Schistosomiasis.

Panzner U, Excler J, Kim J, Marks F, Carter D, Siddiqui A Front Trop Dis. 2024; 2.

PMID: 39280170 PMC: 11392908. DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.719369.

Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica.

Zumuk C, Jones M, Navarro S, Gray D, You H Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(3).

PMID: 38338980 PMC: 10855202. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031707.

Recent Advances in the Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines for Parasitic Infections.

Koger-Pease C, Perera D, Ndao M Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023; 16(3).

PMID: 36986434 PMC: 10058461. DOI: 10.3390/ph16030334.

Evaluation of room temperature (30°C to 35°C) lyophilized vaccine with radio inactivated whole cells isolated from infected sheep.

Ahmed S, Nemr W, Mohamed W, Mohamed A, Mahmoud M Vet World. 2022; 15(5):1261-1268.

PMID: 35765479 PMC: 9210829. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1261-1268.

Low Dose Gamma Irradiation of Parasites Identifies Molecular Changes That Occur to Repair Radiation Damage and Gene Transcripts That May Be Involved in Establishing Disease in Mice Post-Irradiation.

Kangethe R, Winger E, Settypalli T, Datta S, Wijewardana V, Lamien C Front Immunol. 2022; 13:852091.

PMID: 35634275 PMC: 9136415. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852091.

References

Wynn T, Oswald I, Eltoum I, Caspar P, Lowenstein C, Lewis F . Elevated expression of Th1 cytokines and nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of vaccinated mice after challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni. J Immunol. 1994; 153(11):5200-9. View

Karmakar S, Zhang W, Ahmad G, Torben W, Alam M, Le L . Cross-species protection: Schistosoma mansoni Sm-p80 vaccine confers protection against Schistosoma haematobium in hamsters and baboons. Vaccine. 2014; 32(11):1296-303. PMC: 3934627. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.057. View

James S, CHEEVER A, Caspar P, Wynn T . Inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice develop enhanced type 1 cytokine-associated cellular and humoral immune responses after vaccination with attenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae but display partially reduced resistance. Infect Immun. 1998; 66(8):3510-8. PMC: 108380. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.66.8.3510-3518.1998. View

Smithers S, Miller K . Protective immunity in murine schistosomiasis mansoni: evidence for two distinct mechanisms. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1980; 29(5):832-41. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1980.29.832. View

Tallima H, Montash M, Veprek P, Velek J, Jezek J, El Ridi R . Differences in immunogenicity and vaccine potential of peptides from Schistosoma mansoni glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Vaccine. 2003; 21(23):3290-300. DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00180-4. View

Wilson R . The saga of schistosome migration and attrition. Parasitology. 2009; 136(12):1581-92. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182009005708. View

Richter D, Reynolds S, Harn D . Candidate vaccine antigens that stimulate the cellular immune response of mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. J Immunol. 1993; 151(1):256-65. View

Harrop R, Wilson R . Irradiation of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae impairs neuromuscular function in developing schistosomula. J Parasitol. 1993; 79(2):286-9. View

Murrell K, Clark S, Dean D, VANNIER W . Influence of mouse strain on induction of resistance with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. J Parasitol. 1979; 65(5):829-31. View

10.

Koster B, Strand M . Schistosoma mansoni: Sm23 is a transmembrane protein that also contains a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994; 310(1):108-17. DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1994.1146. View

11.

Bushara H, Hussein M, Saad A, Taylor M, Dargie J, Marshall T . Immunization of calves against Schistosoma bovis using irradiated cercariae of schistosomula of S. bovis. Parasitology. 1978; 77(3):303-11. DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000050265. View

12.

Sokol C, Medzhitov R . Role of basophils in the initiation of Th2 responses. Curr Opin Immunol. 2010; 22(1):73-7. PMC: 3510776. DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.01.012. View

13.

Riveau G, Deplanque D, Remoue F, Schacht A, Vodougnon H, Capron M . Safety and immunogenicity of rSh28GST antigen in humans: phase 1 randomized clinical study of a vaccine candidate against urinary schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(7):e1704. PMC: 3389022. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001704. View

14.

Miller K, Smithers S . Schistosoma mansoni: the attrition of a challenge infection in mice immunized with highly irradiated live cercariae. Exp Parasitol. 1980; 50(2):212-21. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(80)90022-3. View

15.

Stek Jr M, Dean D, CLARK S . Attrition of schistosomes in an irradiation-attenuated cercarial immunization model of Schistosoma mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981; 30(5):1033-8. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.1033. View

16.

Mangold B, Dean D . Passive transfer with serum and IgG antibodies of irradiated cercaria-induced resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in mice. J Immunol. 1986; 136(7):2644-8. View

17.

Dean D, Cioli D, Bukowski M . Resistance induced by normal and irradiated Schistosoma mansoni: ability of various worm stages to serve as inducers and targets in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981; 30(5):1026-32. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.1026. View

18.

Riengrojpitak S, Anderson S, Wilson R . Induction of immunity to Schistosoma mansoni: interaction of schistosomula with accessory leucocytes in murine skin and draining lymph nodes. Parasitology. 1998; 117 ( Pt 4):301-9. DOI: 10.1017/s0031182098003187. View

19.

Eveland L, Morse S . Schistosoma mansoni: infectivity and immunizing effects of in vitro derived schistosomula attenuated by X irradiation. Exp Parasitol. 1978; 45(1):19-25. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(78)90040-1. View

20.

Kamiya H, Ozaki T, Nakayama H, Inaba T . Immunizing potential of ultraviolet-attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni in rodent hosts. Parasitol Res. 1993; 79(4):293-6. DOI: 10.1007/BF00932184. View