Genetic Basis of a Cognitive Complexity Metric

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2015 Apr 11

PMID 25860228

Citations 11

Authors

Narelle K Hansell

Graeme S Halford

Glenda Andrews

David H K Shum

Sarah E Harris

Gail Davies

Sanja Franic

Andrea Christoforou

Brendan Zietsch

Jodie Painter

Sarah E Medland

Erik A Ehli

Gareth E Davies

Vidar M Steen

Astri J Lundervold

Ivar Reinvang

Grant W Montgomery

Thomas Espeseth

Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol

John M Starr

Nicholas G Martin

Stephanie Le Hellard

Dorret I Boomsma

Ian J Deary

Margaret J Wright

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Relational complexity (RC) is a metric reflecting capacity limitation in relational processing. It plays a crucial role in higher cognitive processes and is an endophenotype for several disorders. However, the genetic underpinnings of complex relational processing have not been investigated. Using the classical twin model, we estimated the heritability of RC and genetic overlap with intelligence (IQ), reasoning, and working memory in a twin and sibling sample aged 15-29 years (N = 787). Further, in an exploratory search for genetic loci contributing to RC, we examined associated genetic markers and genes in our Discovery sample and selected loci for replication in four independent samples (ALSPAC, LBC1936, NTR, NCNG), followed by meta-analysis (N>6500) at the single marker level. Twin modelling showed RC is highly heritable (67%), has considerable genetic overlap with IQ (59%), and is a major component of genetic covariation between reasoning and working memory (72%). At the molecular level, we found preliminary support for four single-marker loci (one in the gene DGKB), and at a gene-based level for the NPS gene, having influence on cognition. These results indicate that genetic sources influencing relational processing are a key component of the genetic architecture of broader cognitive abilities. Further, they suggest a genetic cascade, whereby genetic factors influencing capacity limitation in relational processing have a flow-on effect to more complex cognitive traits, including reasoning and working memory, and ultimately, IQ.

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