Demonstration of Entanglement-enhanced Phase Estimation in Solid

Overview

Journal Nat Commun

Specialty Biology

Date 2015 Apr 3

PMID 25832364

Citations 4

Authors

Gang-Qin Liu

Yu-Ran Zhang

Yan-Chun Chang

Jie-Dong Yue

Heng Fan

Xin-Yu Pan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Precise parameter estimation plays a central role in science and technology. The statistical error in estimation can be decreased by repeating measurement, leading to that the resultant uncertainty of the estimated parameter is proportional to the square root of the number of repetitions in accordance with the central limit theorem. Quantum parameter estimation, an emerging field of quantum technology, aims to use quantum resources to yield higher statistical precision than classical approaches. Here we report the first room-temperature implementation of entanglement-enhanced phase estimation in a solid-state system: the nitrogen-vacancy centre in pure diamond. We demonstrate a super-resolving phase measurement with two entangled qubits of different physical realizations: an nitrogen-vacancy centre electron spin and a proximal (13)C nuclear spin. The experimental data shows clearly the uncertainty reduction when entanglement resource is used, confirming the theoretical expectation. Our results represent an elemental demonstration of enhancement of quantum metrology against classical procedure.

Citing Articles

Beating the standard quantum limit under ambient conditions with solid-state spins.

Xie T, Zhao Z, Kong X, Ma W, Wang M, Ye X Sci Adv. 2021; 7(32).

PMID: 34362736 PMC: 8346219. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9204.

Enhancing a phase measurement by sequentially probing a solid-state system.

Knott P, Munro W, Dunningham J Nat Commun. 2016; 7:11521.

PMID: 27158138 PMC: 4865805. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11520.

Reply to 'Enhancing a phase measurement by sequentially probing a solid-state system'.

Liu G, Zhang Y, Chang Y, Yue J, Fan H, Pan X Nat Commun. 2016; 7:11521.

PMID: 27156454 PMC: 4865809. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11521.

Quantum metrology with spin cat states under dissipation.

Huang J, Qin X, Zhong H, Ke Y, Lee C Sci Rep. 2015; 5:17894.

PMID: 26647821 PMC: 4673426. DOI: 10.1038/srep17894.

References

Braunstein , Caves . Statistical distance and the geometry of quantum states. Phys Rev Lett. 1994; 72(22):3439-3443. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.3439. View

Dutt M, Childress L, Jiang L, Togan E, Maze J, Jelezko F . Quantum register based on individual electronic and nuclear spin qubits in diamond. Science. 2007; 316(5829):1312-6. DOI: 10.1126/science.1139831. View

Jo G, Shin Y, Will S, Pasquini T, Saba M, Ketterle W . Long phase coherence time and number squeezing of two Bose-Einstein condensates on an atom chip. Phys Rev Lett. 2007; 98(3):030407. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.030407. View

Liu G, Jiang Q, Chang Y, Liu D, Li W, Gu C . Protection of centre spin coherence by dynamic nuclear spin polarization in diamond. Nanoscale. 2014; 6(17):10134-9. DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02007c. View

Childress L, Dutt M, Taylor J, Zibrov A, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J . Coherent dynamics of coupled electron and nuclear spin qubits in diamond. Science. 2006; 314(5797):281-5. DOI: 10.1126/science.1131871. View

Higgins B, Berry D, Bartlett S, Wiseman H, Pryde G . Entanglement-free Heisenberg-limited phase estimation. Nature. 2007; 450(7168):393-6. DOI: 10.1038/nature06257. View

Schleier-Smith M, Leroux I, Vuletic V . States of an ensemble of two-level atoms with reduced quantum uncertainty. Phys Rev Lett. 2010; 104(7):073604. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.073604. View

Nagata T, Okamoto R, OBrien J, Sasaki K, Takeuchi S . Beating the standard quantum limit with four-entangled photons. Science. 2007; 316(5825):726-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.1138007. View

van der Sar T, Wang Z, Blok M, Bernien H, Taminiau T, Toyli D . Decoherence-protected quantum gates for a hybrid solid-state spin register. Nature. 2012; 484(7392):82-6. DOI: 10.1038/nature10900. View

10.

Taminiau T, Cramer J, van der Sar T, Dobrovitski V, Hanson R . Universal control and error correction in multi-qubit spin registers in diamond. Nat Nanotechnol. 2014; 9(3):171-6. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.2. View

11.

Zhao N, Honert J, Schmid B, Klas M, Isoya J, Markham M . Sensing single remote nuclear spins. Nat Nanotechnol. 2012; 7(10):657-62. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.152. View

12.

Waldherr G, Wang Y, Zaiser S, Jamali M, Schulte-Herbruggen T, Abe H . Quantum error correction in a solid-state hybrid spin register. Nature. 2014; 506(7487):204-7. DOI: 10.1038/nature12919. View

13.

Kolkowitz S, Unterreithmeier Q, Bennett S, Lukin M . Sensing distant nuclear spins with a single electron spin. Phys Rev Lett. 2012; 109(13):137601. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.137601. View

14.

Meyer V, Rowe M, Kielpinski D, Sackett C, Itano W, Monroe C . Experimental demonstration of entanglement-enhanced rotation angle estimation using trapped ions. Phys Rev Lett. 2001; 86(26 Pt 1):5870-3. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5870. View

15.

Afek I, Ambar O, Silberberg Y . High-NOON states by mixing quantum and classical light. Science. 2010; 328(5980):879-81. DOI: 10.1126/science.1188172. View

16.

Jacques V, Neumann P, Beck J, Markham M, Twitchen D, Meijer J . Dynamic polarization of single nuclear spins by optical pumping of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond at room temperature. Phys Rev Lett. 2009; 102(5):057403. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.057403. View

17.

Jelezko F, Gaebel T, Popa I, Domhan M, Gruber A, Wrachtrup J . Observation of coherent oscillation of a single nuclear spin and realization of a two-qubit conditional quantum gate. Phys Rev Lett. 2004; 93(13):130501. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.130501. View

18.

Chang Y, Liu G, Liu D, Fan H, Pan X . Room-temperature quantum cloning machine with full coherent phase control in nanodiamond. Sci Rep. 2013; 3:1498. PMC: 3603226. DOI: 10.1038/srep01498. View

19.

Taminiau T, Wagenaar J, van der Sar T, Jelezko F, Dobrovitski V, Hanson R . Detection and control of individual nuclear spins using a weakly coupled electron spin. Phys Rev Lett. 2012; 109(13):137602. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.137602. View

20.

Neumann P, Mizuochi N, Rempp F, Hemmer P, Watanabe H, Yamasaki S . Multipartite entanglement among single spins in diamond. Science. 2008; 320(5881):1326-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.1157233. View