Deaths Associated with Respiratory Syncytial and Influenza Viruses Among Persons ≥5 Years of Age in HIV-prevalent Area, South Africa, 1998-2009(1)

Overview

Journal Emerg Infect Dis

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2015 Mar 27

PMID 25811455

Citations 34

Authors

Stefano Tempia

Sibongile Walaza

Cecile Viboud

Adam L Cohen

Shabir A Madhi

Marietjie Venter

Claire von Mollendorf

Jocelyn Moyes

Johanna M McAnerney

Cheryl Cohen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We estimated deaths attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among persons >5 years of age in South Africa during 1998-2009 by applying regression models to monthly deaths and laboratory surveillance data. Rates were expressed per 100,000 person-years. The mean annual number of seasonal influenza-associated deaths was 9,093 (rate 21.6). Persons >65 years of age and HIV-positive persons accounted for 50% (n = 4,552) and 28% (n = 2,564) of overall seasonal influenza-associated deaths, respectively. In 2009, we estimated 4,113 (rate 9.2) influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-associated deaths. The mean of annual RSV-associated deaths during the study period was 511 (rate 1.2); no RSV-associated deaths were estimated in persons >45 years of age. Our findings support the recommendation for influenza vaccination of older persons and HIV-positive persons. Surveillance for RSV should be strengthened to clarify the public health implications and severity of illness associated with RSV infection in South Africa.

Citing Articles

Respiratory Syncytial Virus among People Living with HIV: Is There a Case for Rolling Out Prophylaxis? A Viewpoint Based on a Systematic Review.

Almeida A, Aliberti R, Aceti A, Boattini M Pathogens. 2024; 13(9).

PMID: 39338993 PMC: 11435021. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090802.

A Model-Based Estimation of RSV-Attributable Incidence of Hospitalizations and Deaths in Italy Between 2015 and 2019.

Meroc E, Liang C, Iantomasi R, Onwuchekwa C, Innocenti G, dAngela D Infect Dis Ther. 2024; 13(11):2319-2332.

PMID: 39289329 PMC: 11499556. DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-01041-x.

Estimated Incidence of Hospitalizations and Deaths Attributable to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Among Adults in Germany Between 2015 and 2019.

Polkowska-Kramek A, Begier E, Bruyndonckx R, Liang C, Beese C, Brestrich G Infect Dis Ther. 2024; 13(4):845-860.

PMID: 38520629 PMC: 11058748. DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00951-0.

Estimation of Symptomatic Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Incidence in Adults in Multiple Countries: A Time-Series Model-Based Analysis Protocol.

Bruyndonckx R, Polkowska-Kramek A, Liang C, Nuttens C, Tran T, Gessner B Infect Dis Ther. 2024; 13(4):953-963.

PMID: 38499832 PMC: 11058168. DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00948-9.

Understanding the age spectrum of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalisation and mortality burden based on statistical modelling methods: a systematic analysis.

Cong B, Dighero I, Zhang T, Chung A, Nair H, Li Y BMC Med. 2023; 21(1):224.

PMID: 37365569 PMC: 10294405. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02932-5.

References

Nunes B, Viboud C, Machado A, Ringholz C, Rebelo-de-Andrade H, Nogueira P . Excess mortality associated with influenza epidemics in Portugal, 1980 to 2004. PLoS One. 2011; 6(6):e20661. PMC: 3119666. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020661. View

Falsey A, McElhaney J, Beran J, van Essen G, Duval X, Esen M . Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections in older adults with moderate to severe influenza-like illness. J Infect Dis. 2014; 209(12):1873-81. PMC: 4038137. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit839. View

Ribas Freitas A, Francisco P, Donalisio M . Mortality associated with influenza in tropics, state of são paulo, Brazil, from 2002 to 2011: the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. Influenza Res Treat. 2013; 2013:696274. PMC: 3694379. DOI: 10.1155/2013/696274. View

Kyeyagalire R, Tempia S, Cohen A, Smith A, McAnerney J, Dermaux-Msimang V . Hospitalizations associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus among patients attending a network of private hospitals in South Africa, 2007-2012. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14:694. PMC: 4278267. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0694-x. View

Madhi S, Schoub B, Simmank K, Blackburn N, Klugman K . Increased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. J Pediatr. 2000; 137(1):78-84. DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2000.105350. View

Piedra P, Jewell A, Cron S, Atmar R, Glezen W . Correlates of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated-hospitalization: establishment of minimum protective threshold levels of serum neutralizing antibodies. Vaccine. 2003; 21(24):3479-82. DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00355-4. View

Cohen C, Simonsen L, Kang J, Miller M, McAnerney J, Blumberg L . Elevated influenza-related excess mortality in South African elderly individuals, 1998-2005. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 51(12):1362-9. PMC: 3106243. DOI: 10.1086/657314. View

Naorat S, Chittaganpitch M, Thamthitiwat S, Henchaichon S, Sawatwong P, Srisaengchai P . Hospitalizations for acute lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in Thailand, 2008-2011. J Infect Dis. 2013; 208 Suppl 3:S238-45. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit456. View

Lee N, Lui G, Wong K, Li T, Tse E, Chan J . High morbidity and mortality in adults hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2013; 57(8):1069-77. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit471. View

10.

van den Wijngaard C, van Asten L, Koopmans M, van Pelt W, Nagelkerke N, Wielders C . Comparing pandemic to seasonal influenza mortality: moderate impact overall but high mortality in young children. PLoS One. 2012; 7(2):e31197. PMC: 3272034. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031197. View

11.

McAnerney J, Cohen C, Moyes J, Besselaar T, Buys A, Schoub B . Twenty-five years of outpatient influenza surveillance in South Africa, 1984-2008. J Infect Dis. 2012; 206 Suppl 1:S153-8. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis575. View

12.

Ope M, Katz M, Aura B, Gikunju S, Njenga M, Nganga Z . Risk factors for hospitalized seasonal influenza in rural western Kenya. PLoS One. 2011; 6(5):e20111. PMC: 3102693. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020111. View

13.

Charu V, Chowell G, Mejia L, Echevarria-Zuno S, Borja-Aburto V, Simonsen L . Mortality burden of the A/H1N1 pandemic in Mexico: a comparison of deaths and years of life lost to seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 53(10):985-93. PMC: 3202315. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir644. View

14.

Cohen C, Simonsen L, Sample J, Kang J, Miller M, Madhi S . Influenza-related mortality among adults aged 25-54 years with AIDS in South Africa and the United States of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 55(7):996-1003. PMC: 3657519. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis549. View

15.

Madhi S, Ramasamy N, Bessellar T, Saloojee H, Klugman K . Lower respiratory tract infections associated with influenza A and B viruses in an area with a high prevalence of pediatric human immunodeficiency type 1 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002; 21(4):291-7. DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200204000-00007. View

16.

Lemaitre M, Carrat F, Rey G, Miller M, Simonsen L, Viboud C . Mortality burden of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in France: comparison to seasonal influenza and the A/H3N2 pandemic. PLoS One. 2012; 7(9):e45051. PMC: 3447811. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045051. View

17.

Pretorius M, Madhi S, Cohen C, Naidoo D, Groome M, Moyes J . Respiratory viral coinfections identified by a 10-plex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness--South Africa, 2009-2010. J Infect Dis. 2012; 206 Suppl 1:S159-65. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis538. View

18.

Rowlinson E, Dueger E, Taylor T, Mansour A, Van Beneden C, Abukela M . Incidence and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus infections in a population-based surveillance site in the Nile Delta Region. J Infect Dis. 2013; 208 Suppl 3:S189-96. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit457. View

19.

Cohen C, Moyes J, Tempia S, Groom M, Walaza S, Pretorius M . Severe influenza-associated respiratory infection in high HIV prevalence setting, South Africa, 2009-2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013; 19(11):1766-74. PMC: 3837669. DOI: 10.3201/eid1911.130546. View

20.

Simonsen L, Clarke M, Schonberger L, Arden N, Cox N, Fukuda K . Pandemic versus epidemic influenza mortality: a pattern of changing age distribution. J Infect Dis. 1998; 178(1):53-60. DOI: 10.1086/515616. View