Implementation and Preliminary Validation of a New Score That Predicts Post-operative Complications

Background: An accurate pre-operative risk assessment could reduce morbidity and mortality for high-risk surgical patients. The aim of the study was to implement and preliminary validate a new score that could predict the occurrence of post-operative complications (PoCs): the Anesthesiological and Surgical Postoperative Risk Assessment (ASPRA) score.

Methods: The ASPRA score was created through a literature's review; a score of 1-3 was given to each identified risk factor, according to its statistical correlation with PoC. ASPRA was retrospectively applied to a derivation set of 176 surgical patients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluated the discriminating ability of the score and cutoff value in predicting the occurrence of PoCs, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications. The statistical validation of the score and related cutoff values was prospectively ran within a validation set of 1928 surgical patients.

Results: Through ROC analysis, an ASPRA score of 7 was chosen as the cutoff value in the derivation set. In the validation set, 65.3% of patients presented a PoC (Clavien ≥ 1). In this group, ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72, and although potentially related to the high rate of complications a high positive predictive value of 87.0% has been observed. No significant differences were found in ROC-AUC, sensitivity, specificity, or positive or negative predictive value between the derivation and validation sets (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The new ASPRA score has a high positive predictive value to predict the occurrence of PoCs. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these results.