A Brief History of T Cell Help to B Cells

Overview

Journal Nat Rev Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2015 Feb 14

PMID 25677493

Citations 266

Authors

Shane Crotty

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of B cells, I take a look back at the history of T cell help to B cells, which was discovered 47 years ago. In addition, I summarize and categorize the distinct molecules that are expressed by CD4(+) T cells that constitute 'help' to B cells, and particularly the molecules expressed by T follicular helper (TFH) cells, which are the specialized providers of help to B cells.

Citing Articles

Skin autonomous antibody production regulates host-microbiota interactions.

Gribonika I, Band V, Chi L, Perez-Chaparro P, Link V, Ansaldo E Nature. 2024; 638(8052):1043-1053.

PMID: 39662506 PMC: 11864984. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08376-y.

Interleukin-2-secreting T helper cells promote extra-follicular B cell maturation via intrinsic regulation of a B cell mTOR-AKT-Blimp-1 axis.

Faliti C, Mesina M, Choi J, Belanger S, Marshall M, Tipton C Immunity. 2024; 57(12):2772-2789.e8.

PMID: 39612915 PMC: 11675998. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.11.006.

Neonatal immunity associated with heterologous HIV-1 neutralizing antibody induction in SHIV-infected Rhesus Macaques.

Holmes S, Li H, Shen X, Martin M, Tuck R, Chen Y Nat Commun. 2024; 15(1):10302.

PMID: 39604409 PMC: 11603298. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54753-6.

MTBVAC induces superior antibody titers and IgG avidity compared to BCG vaccination in non-human primates.

Peralta-Alvarez M, Downward K, White A, Azema H, Sibley L, Sarfas C NPJ Vaccines. 2024; 9(1):230.

PMID: 39567530 PMC: 11579480. DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-01009-5.

Role of circulating T follicular helper subsets following Ty21a immunization and oral challenge with wild type . Typhi in humans.

Booth J, Rapaka R, McArthur M, Fresnay S, Darton T, Blohmke C Front Immunol. 2024; 15:1384642.

PMID: 39328410 PMC: 11424897. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384642.

References

Morita R, Schmitt N, Bentebibel S, Ranganathan R, Bourdery L, Zurawski G . Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion. Immunity. 2011; 34(1):108-21. PMC: 3046815. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.12.012. View

Raff M . Role of thymus-derived lymphocytes in the secondary humoral immune response in mice. Nature. 1970; 226(5252):1257-8. DOI: 10.1038/2261257a0. View

Forster R, Mattis A, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M . A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell. 1996; 87(6):1037-47. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81798-5. View

Chtanova T, Tangye S, Newton R, Frank N, Hodge M, Rolph M . T follicular helper cells express a distinctive transcriptional profile, reflecting their role as non-Th1/Th2 effector cells that provide help for B cells. J Immunol. 2004; 173(1):68-78. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.68. View

Choi Y, Yang J, Yusuf I, Johnston R, Greenbaum J, Peters B . Bcl6 expressing follicular helper CD4 T cells are fate committed early and have the capacity to form memory. J Immunol. 2013; 190(8):4014-26. PMC: 3626566. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202963. View

Yusuf I, Kageyama R, Monticelli L, Johnston R, DiToro D, Hansen K . Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150). J Immunol. 2010; 185(1):190-202. PMC: 2913439. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903505. View

Nurieva R, Chung Y, Hwang D, Yang X, Kang H, Ma L . Generation of T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, 2, or 17 cell lineages. Immunity. 2008; 29(1):138-49. PMC: 2556461. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.05.009. View

Gaffen S, Jain R, Garg A, Cua D . The IL-23-IL-17 immune axis: from mechanisms to therapeutic testing. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014; 14(9):585-600. PMC: 4281037. DOI: 10.1038/nri3707. View

Crotty S . T follicular helper cell differentiation, function, and roles in disease. Immunity. 2014; 41(4):529-42. PMC: 4223692. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.004. View

10.

Saez de Guinoa J, Barrio L, Mellado M, Carrasco Y . CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling enhances BCR-triggered B-cell activation by shaping cell dynamics. Blood. 2011; 118(6):1560-9. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-332106. View

11.

Grusby M . Stat4- and Stat6-deficient mice as models for manipulating T helper cell responses. Biochem Soc Trans. 1997; 25(2):359-60. DOI: 10.1042/bst0250359. View

12.

Haynes N, Allen C, Lesley R, Ansel K, Killeen N, Cyster J . Role of CXCR5 and CCR7 in follicular Th cell positioning and appearance of a programmed cell death gene-1high germinal center-associated subpopulation. J Immunol. 2007; 179(8):5099-108. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5099. View

13.

Thorbecke G, Amin A, Tsiagbe V . Biology of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue. FASEB J. 1994; 8(11):832-40. DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.8.11.8070632. View

14.

Liu Y, JOHNSON G, Gordon J, MacLennan I . Germinal centres in T-cell-dependent antibody responses. Immunol Today. 1992; 13(1):17-21. DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90199-H. View

15.

Cannons J, Tangye S, Schwartzberg P . SLAM family receptors and SAP adaptors in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011; 29:665-705. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101302. View

16.

Clark E, Ledbetter J . Activation of human B cells mediated through two distinct cell surface differentiation antigens, Bp35 and Bp50. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986; 83(12):4494-8. PMC: 323760. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4494. View

17.

Fuleihan R, Ramesh N, Loh R, Jabara H, Rosen R, Chatila T . Defective expression of the CD40 ligand in X chromosome-linked immunoglobulin deficiency with normal or elevated IgM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993; 90(6):2170-3. PMC: 46047. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.6.2170. View

18.

Nurieva R, Chung Y, Martinez G, Yang X, Tanaka S, Matskevitch T . Bcl6 mediates the development of T follicular helper cells. Science. 2009; 325(5943):1001-5. PMC: 2857334. DOI: 10.1126/science.1176676. View

19.

Ettinger R, Sims G, Fairhurst A, Robbins R, da Silva Y, Spolski R . IL-21 induces differentiation of human naive and memory B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. J Immunol. 2005; 175(12):7867-79. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.7867. View

20.

Korthauer U, Graf D, Mages H, Briere F, Padayachee M, Malcolm S . Defective expression of T-cell CD40 ligand causes X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM. Nature. 1993; 361(6412):539-41. DOI: 10.1038/361539a0. View