Dietary Aspects Related to Health and Obesity in Williams Syndrome, Down Syndrome, and Prader-Willi Syndrome

Overview

Journal Food Nutr Res

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2015 Feb 6

PMID 25653019

Citations 15

Authors

Marianne Nordstrom

Benedicte Paus

Lene F Andersen

Svein Olav Kolset

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Dietary aspects that might contribute to development of obesity and secondary conditions are not well documented in genetic subgroups associated with intellectual disability.

Objective: To describe the intake frequencies of selected foods in participants with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), Down syndrome (DS), and Williams syndrome (WS), and investigate the association with body mass index (BMI). To explore food-related autonomy and intake frequencies among persons with DS in different living arrangements.

Methods: Self-reported intake frequencies and measurement of plasma carotenoids and erythrocyte content of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) were investigated in persons aged 16-42 years, with WS (n=21), DS (n=40), and PWS (n=20).

Results: A larger proportion of participants with PWS showed high-frequency intake of fruits (p=0.012) and vegetables (p=0.004), and had higher plasma carotenoids (p<0.001) compared to participants with DS and WS. Furthermore, a larger proportion of participants with WS were low-frequency consumers of fish (p=0.005), less likely to use omega-3 FA supplements (p=0.023), and had reduced erythrocyte concentrations of long-chain omega-3 FAs (p<0.001), compared to participants with PWS and DS. In DS, BMI was negatively associated with plasma carotenoids. Increased proportions of participants living in communities showed high-frequency intake of precooked meals (p=0.030), and a tendency toward high-frequency consumption of soft drinks (p=0.079), when compared to peers living with relatives. Participants in community residences were also more likely to participate frequently in food-related decisions and preparations.

Conclusions: Persons with WS had a less-favorable dietary pattern when compared to persons with PWS. A larger proportion of persons living in communities frequently consumed precooked meals and showed a tendency of high-frequency soft drink consumption. Otherwise, their intake frequencies of the investigated foods were similar to those living with relatives, but they participated more frequently in decisions and preparations of foods.

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