S-nitrosylation of Mouse Galectin-2 Prevents Oxidative Inactivation by Hydrogen Peroxide

Galectins are a group of animal lectins characterized by their specificity for β-galactosides. Galectin-2 (Gal-2) is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. A proteomic analysis identified Gal-2 as a protein that was S-nitrosylated when mouse gastric mucosal lysates were reacted with S-nitrosoglutathione, a physiologically relevant S-nitrosylating agent. In the present study, recombinant mouse (m)Gal-2 was S-nitrosylated using nitrosocysteine (CysNO), which had no effect on the sugar-binding specificity and dimerization capacity of the protein. On the other hand, mGal-2 oxidation by H2O2 resulted in the loss of sugar-binding ability, while S-nitrosylation prevented H2O2-inducted inactivation, presumably by protecting the Cys residue(s) in the protein. These results suggest that S-nitrosylation by nitric oxides protect Gal-2 from oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract.