A Function for the Midbody Remnant in Embryonic Patterning

Overview

Journal Commun Integr Biol

Specialty Biology

Date 2014 Oct 28

PMID 25346787

Citations 6

Authors

Deepika Singh

Christian Pohl

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Asymmetric cell divisions combine cell division with fate specification and one general model of how this is achieved was proposed already decades ago(1,2): During interphase, the cell polarity axis is specified, followed by orientation of the spindle along the polarity axis and segregation of fate determinants along the polarity axis during mitosis. In most cells, the polarity axis and the spindle will usually align with the long axis that the cell had before division, also called Hertwig's rule(3-6). In the C. elegans embryo, the first polarity axis also forms along the long axis of the embryo by enrichment of myosin in the anterior(7) and formation of mutually exclusive anterior and posterior cortical polarity domains, mediated through directional cortical contractile flow(8-10). The directionality of this flow is determined by an extrinsic cue, the entry of the sperm, which inhibits Rho-dependent myosin activation at the future posterior pole by bringing with it the Rho GTPase activating protein CYK-4(11,12). Moreover, since there is no previous division 'history' before the first cleavage, mechanisms have to ensure that the nucleus-centrosome complex undergoes a 90 degree rotation so that the spindle can subsequently elongate along the long axis(13-15). Additional mechanisms ensure that the site of cleavage is perpendicular to the long axis(16,17). Hence, tight coupling of an extrinsic cue to intrinsic polarity formation and spindle elongation enables alignment of the division orientation with the long axis of the organism and successful segregation of fate determinants.

Citing Articles

Cytokinesis and postabscission midbody remnants are regulated during mammalian brain development.

McNeely K, Dwyer N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020; 117(17):9584-9593.

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A CRISPR Tagging-Based Screen Reveals Localized Players in Wnt-Directed Asymmetric Cell Division.

Heppert J, Pani A, Roberts A, Dickinson D, Goldstein B Genetics. 2018; 208(3):1147-1164.

PMID: 29348144 PMC: 5844328. DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300487.

Kinesin-6 KIF20B is required for efficient cytokinetic furrowing and timely abscission in human cells.

Janisch K, McNeely K, Dardick J, Lim S, Dwyer N Mol Biol Cell. 2017; 29(2):166-179.

PMID: 29167382 PMC: 5909929. DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E17-08-0495.

Mutation of Kinesin-6 Kif20b causes defects in cortical neuron polarization and morphogenesis.

McNeely K, Cupp T, Little J, Janisch K, Shrestha A, Dwyer N Neural Dev. 2017; 12(1):5.

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Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools.

Dutta P, Lehmann C, Odedra D, Singh D, Pohl C J Vis Exp. 2015; (106):e53469.

PMID: 26709526 PMC: 4694029. DOI: 10.3791/53469.

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