Computing Muscle, Ligament, and Osseous Contributions to the Elbow Varus Moment During Baseball Pitching

Overview

Journal Ann Biomed Eng

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2014 Oct 5

PMID 25281409

Citations 21

Authors

James H Buffi

Katie Werner

Tom Kepple

Wendy M Murray

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Baseball pitching imposes a dangerous valgus load on the elbow that puts the joint at severe risk for injury. The goal of this study was to develop a musculoskeletal modeling approach to enable evaluation of muscle-tendon contributions to mitigating elbow injury risk in pitching. We implemented a forward dynamic simulation framework that used a scaled biomechanical model to reproduce a pitching motion recorded from a high school pitcher. The medial elbow muscles generated substantial, protective, varus elbow moments in our simulations. For our subject, the triceps generated large varus moments at the time of peak valgus loading; varus moments generated by the flexor digitorum superficialis were larger, but occurred later in the motion. Increasing muscle-tendon force output, either by augmenting parameters associated with strength and power or by increasing activation levels, decreased the load on the ulnar collateral ligament. Published methods have not previously quantified the biomechanics of elbow muscles during pitching. This simulation study represents a critical advancement in the study of baseball pitching and highlights the utility of simulation techniques in the study of this difficult problem.

Citing Articles

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Investigating the Influence of Modifiable Physical Measures on the Elbow Varus Torque - Ball Velocity Relationship in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers.

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Varus Strength of the Medial Elbow Musculature for Stress Shielding of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Competitive Baseball Pitchers.

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