Characterization of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in Cats

Overview

Journal J Vet Intern Med

Specialties General Medicine
Veterinary Medicine

Date 2014 Oct 3

PMID 25274439

Citations 6

Authors

S K Bland

O Cote

M E Clark

J DeLay

D Bienzle

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Kidney disease (KD) is common in older cats and presumed to arise from subclinical kidney injuries throughout life. Sensitive markers for detecting kidney injury are lacking. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is a useful biomarker of kidney injury in humans and rodents.

Hypothesis/objectives: Feline KIM-1 is conserved across species, expressed in kidney, and shed into urine of cats with acute kidney injury (AKI). The objectives were to characterize the feline KIM-1 gene and protein, assess available immunoassays for detecting KIM-1 in urine of cats, and identify KIM-1 expression in kidney sections.

Animals: Samples from 36 hospitalized and 7 clinically healthy cats were evaluated. Hospitalized cats were divided into 2 groups based on absence (n = 20) or presence (n = 16) of historical KD.

Methods: Feline KIM-1 genomic and complementary DNA sequences were amplified, sequenced and analyzed to determine the presence of isoforms, exon-intron organization and similarity with orthologous sequences. Presence in urine was evaluated by immunoassay and expression in kidney by immunohistochemistry.

Results: Three expressed feline KIM-1 transcript variants comprising 894, 810, and 705 bp were identified in renal tissue. KIM-1 immunoassays yielded positive results in urine of cats with conditions associated with AKI, but not chronic KD. Immunohistochemistry of kidney sections identified KIM-1 in proximal tubular cells of cats with positive urine immunoassay results.

Conclusions And Clinical Importance: Kidney injury molecule 1 was expressed in specific segments of the nephron and detected in urine of cats at risk of AKI. Urine KIM-1 immunoassay may be a useful indicator of tubular injury.

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