Efficient Nose-to-Lung (N2L) Aerosol Delivery with a Dry Powder Inhaler

Overview

Journal J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv

Specialties Pharmacology
Pulmonary Medicine

Date 2014 Sep 6

PMID 25192072

Citations 21

Authors

P Worth Longest

Laleh Golshahi

Srinivas R B Behara

Geng Tian

Dale R Farkas

Michael Hindle

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: Delivering aerosols to the lungs through the nasal route has a number of advantages, but its use has been limited by high depositional loss in the extrathoracic airways. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nose-to-lung (N2L) delivery of excipient enhanced growth (EEG) formulation aerosols generated with a new inline dry powder inhaler (DPI). The device was also adapted to enable aerosol delivery to a patient simultaneously receiving respiratory support from high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy.

Methods: The inhaler delivered the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, which was formulated as submicrometer combination particles containing a hygroscopic excipient prepared by spray-drying. Nose-to-lung delivery was assessed using in vitro and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods in an airway model that continued through the upper tracheobronchial region.

Results: The best performing device contained a 2.3 mm flow control orifice and a 3D rod array with a 3-4-3 rod pattern. Based on in vitro experiments, the emitted dose from the streamlined nasal cannula had a fine particle fraction <5 μm of 95.9% and mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1.4 μm, which was considered ideal for nose-to-lung EEG delivery. With the 2.3-343 device, condensational growth in the airways increased the aerosol size to 2.5-2.7 μm and extrathoracic deposition was <10%. CFD results closely matched the in vitro experiments and predicted that nasal deposition was <2%.

Conclusions: The developed DPI produced high efficiency aerosolization with significant size increase of the aerosol within the airways that can be used to enable nose-to-lung delivery and aerosol administration during HFNC therapy.

Citing Articles

Characterization of Pediatric Extrathoracic Aerosol Deposition with Air-Jet Dry Powder Inhalers.

Thomas M, Bass K, Farkas D, Longest W J Aerosol Sci. 2025; 183.

PMID: 39830599 PMC: 11737425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2024.106474.

Leveraging Numerical Simulation Technology to Advance Drug Preparation: A Comprehensive Review of Application Scenarios and Cases.

Gu Q, Wu H, Sui X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Feng W Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(10).

PMID: 39458634 PMC: 11511050. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101304.

Development of an effective two-equation turbulence modeling approach for simulating aerosol deposition across a range of turbulence levels.

Jubaer H, Thomas M, Farkas D, Kolanjiyil A, Momin M, Hindle M J Aerosol Sci. 2024; 175:106262.

PMID: 38164243 PMC: 10698304. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106262.

Effects of different mesh nebulizer sources on the dispersion of powder formulations produced with a new small-particle spray dryer.

Aladwani G, Momin M, Spence B, Farkas D, Bonasera S, Hassan A Int J Pharm. 2023; 642:123138.

PMID: 37307962 PMC: 10527815. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123138.

In Vitro Evaluation of Nebulized Pharmaceutical Aerosol Delivery to the Lungs Using a New Heated Dryer System (HDS).

Spence B, Longest W, Dutta R, Momin M, Strickler S, Hindle M AAPS PharmSciTech. 2022; 24(1):10.

PMID: 36451052 PMC: 9994751. DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02460-0.

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