Biocompatible Mesoporous Silica-coated Superparamagnetic Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery and MR Imaging Applications

Multifunctional mesoporous silica-coated superparamagnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles (M-MSN) were synthesized and evaluated for targeted drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by solvothermal route and were silica-coated by surface silylation using sol-gel reactions. Subsequently, silylation was done using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in presence of a surfactant (CTAB), followed by selective etching of the surfactant molecules that resulted in amine-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NH2-MSN). Further modification of the surface of the NH2-MSN with targeting (folate) or fluorescent (RITC) molecules resulted in M-MSN. The formation of the M-MSN was proved by several characterization techniques viz. XRD, XPS, HRTEM, FESEM, VSM, BET surface area measurement, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The M-MSN were loaded with anticancer drug Doxorubicin and the efficacy of the DOX loaded M-MSN was evaluated through in vitro cytotoxicity, fluorescence microscopy, and apoptosis studies. The in vivo biocompatibility of the M-MSN was demonstrated in a mice-model system. Moreover, the M-MSN also acted as superior MRI contrast agent owing to a high magnetization value as well as superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. These folate-conjugated nanoparticles (FA-MSN) exhibited stronger T2-weighted MRI contrast towards HeLa cells as compared to the nanoparticles without folate conjugation, justifying their potential importance in MRI based diagnosis of cancer. Such M-MSN with a magnetic core required for MRI imaging, a porous shell for carrying drug molecules, a targeting moeity for cancer cell specificity and a fluorescent molecule for imaging, all integrated into a single system, may potentially serve as an excellent material in biomedical applications.