Seroprevalence of HBV and HIV Co-infection in Children and Outcomes Following Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Uyo, South-South Nigeria

Overview

Journal Afr Health Sci

Date 2014 Jun 19

PMID 24940318

Citations 11

Authors

E E Ikpeme

O M Etukudo

U E Ekrikpo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis B Virus (HIV/HBV) co-infection in Nigerian children has emerged as a major concern with the advent of HAART. Its impact on the immune system and liver has not been extensively studied in children.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HBV seropositivity among HIV positive children on HAART and its effect on immune response and liver enzymes.

Methods: All consecutive HIV positive children aged two months to seventeen years on HAART constituted the study population. Age and gender; CD4+ count, ALT, creatinine and HBsAg were tested and documented at enrolment and 12months.

Results: One hundred and seventy one patients were seen over this period. Seventy-two (43.4%) were males while 94 (56.6%) were females giving a male: female ratio of 1:1.3. The mean age of the patients was 63±43.4 months. Prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection was 6.02% (95% CI 2.4-9.7). There was no significant effect of HBV status on elevation of ALT levels with 12 months of HAART. Co-infected patients had an odds ratio of achieving immune response of 0.14 (95% CI 0.02-0.79).

Conclusion: HIV/HBV co-infection rates in our children are comparable to other localities. ALT levels do not worsen with HAART and immune response of the co-infected children on HAART is lower.

Citing Articles

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral co-infection and associated factors with HIV infection in children in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Miyanga S, Shindano T, Shindano E, Kyambikwa C, Kabinda J BMC Infect Dis. 2023; 23(1):531.

PMID: 37580665 PMC: 10426092. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08474-8.

Hepatitis B Virus in West African Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of HIV and Other Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Infection.

Fofana D, Somboro A, Maiga M, Kampo M, Diakite B, Cissoko Y Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(5).

PMID: 36901164 PMC: 10002029. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054142.

Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos, Nigeria.

Lawal M, Adeniyi O, Akintan P, Salako A, Omotosho O, Temiye E PLoS One. 2020; 15(12):e0243656.

PMID: 33301507 PMC: 7728231. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243656.

Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Febrile Patients in Ankpa, Kogi State, Nigeria.

Omatola C, Onoja B, Agama J J Trop Med. 2020; 2020:5136785.

PMID: 32095141 PMC: 7036110. DOI: 10.1155/2020/5136785.

Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Chronic Hepatitis B Serological Markers among Senegalese HIV Co-infected Children.

Ba A, Ndiaye F, Djeng Y, Cames C, Diack A, Ndiaye O Int J MCH AIDS. 2019; 8(2):131-137.

PMID: 31824751 PMC: 6895772. DOI: 10.21106/ijma.321.

References

Konopnicki D, Mocroft A, de Wit S, Antunes F, Ledergerber B, Katlama C . Hepatitis B and HIV: prevalence, AIDS progression, response to highly active antiretroviral therapy and increased mortality in the EuroSIDA cohort. AIDS. 2005; 19(6):593-601. DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000163936.99401.fe. View

Toussi S, Abadi J, Rosenberg M, Levanon D . Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections in children infected with HIV. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 45(6):795-8. DOI: 10.1086/521169. View

Greub G, Ledergerber B, Battegay M, Grob P, Perrin L, Furrer H . Clinical progression, survival, and immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus coinfection: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Lancet. 2000; 356(9244):1800-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03232-3. View

Sulkowski M . Drug-induced liver injury associated with antiretroviral therapy that includes HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38 Suppl 2:S90-7. DOI: 10.1086/381444. View

Adewole O, Anteyi E, Ajuwon Z, Wada I, Elegba F, Ahmed P . Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Nigerian patients with HIV infection. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009; 3(5):369-75. DOI: 10.3855/jidc.245. View

Harania R, Karuru J, Nelson M, Stebbing J . HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C coinfection in Kenya. AIDS. 2008; 22(10):1221-2. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830162a8. View

Rouet F, Chaix M, Inwoley A, Anaky M, Fassinou P, Kpozehouen A . Frequent occurrence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among West African HIV type-1-infected children. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 46(3):361-6. DOI: 10.1086/525531. View

Torti C, Lapadula G, Casari S, Puoti M, Nelson M, Quiros-Roldan E . Incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevation during highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-HCV co-infected patients: results from the Italian EPOKA-MASTER Cohort. BMC Infect Dis. 2005; 5:58. PMC: 1188059. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-5-58. View

Odemuyiwa S, Mulders M, Oyedele O, Ola S, Odaibo G, Olaleye D . Phylogenetic analysis of new hepatitis B virus isolates from Nigeria supports endemicity of genotype E in West Africa. J Med Virol. 2001; 65(3):463-9. View

10.

den Brinker M, Wit F, Jurriaans S, Weel J, van Leeuwen R, Pakker N . Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection and the risk for hepatotoxicity of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2001; 14(18):2895-902. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200012220-00011. View

11.

Rathbun R, Lockhart S, Stephens J . Current HIV treatment guidelines--an overview. Curr Pharm Des. 2006; 12(9):1045-63. DOI: 10.2174/138161206776055840. View

12.

Feld J, Ocama P, Ronald A . The liver in HIV in Africa. Antivir Ther. 2006; 10(8):953-65. View

13.

Alberti A, Clumeck N, Collins S, Gerlich W, Lundgren J, Palu G . Short statement of the first European Consensus Conference on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C in HIV co-infected patients. J Hepatol. 2005; 42(5):615-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.03.003. View

14.

Nyirenda M, Beadsworth M, Stephany P, Hart C, Hart I, Munthali C . Prevalence of infection with hepatitis B and C virus and coinfection with HIV in medical inpatients in Malawi. J Infect. 2008; 57(1):72-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.05.004. View

15.

Pol S, Soriano V . Management of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 47(1):94-101. DOI: 10.1086/588669. View

16.

Dore G, Cooper D . The impact of HIV therapy on co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2002; 14(6):749-55. DOI: 10.1097/00001432-200112000-00014. View

17.

Lincoln D, Petoumenos K, Dore G . HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfection, and outcomes following highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2003; 4(3):241-9. DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1293.2003.00152.x. View

18.

Forbi J, Gabadi S, Alabi R, Iperepolu H, Pam C, Entonu P . The role of triple infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 on CD4+ lymphocyte levels in the highly HIV infected population of North-Central Nigeria. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007; 102(4):535-7. DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000025. View

19.

Telatela S, Matee M, Munubhi E . Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viral co-infections among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus attending the paediatric HIV care and treatment center at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2007; 7:338. PMC: 2204008. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-338. View

20.

Ilboudo D, Simpore J, Ouermi D, Bisseye C, Sagna T, Odolini S . Towards the complete eradication of mother-to-child HIV/HBV coinfection at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Burkina Faso, Africa. Braz J Infect Dis. 2010; 14(3):219-24. DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(10)70047-7. View