Effectiveness of Ten-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Brazil: a Matched Case-control Study

Overview

Journal Lancet Respir Med

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Pulmonary Medicine

Date 2014 Apr 15

PMID 24726406

Citations 98

Authors

Carla Magda Allan S Domingues

Jennifer R Verani

Ernesto Issac Montenegro Renoiner

Maria Cristina de Cunto Brandileone

Brendan Flannery

Lucia Helena De Oliveira

Joao Barberino Santos

Jose Cassio de Moraes

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: In March 2010, Brazil introduced the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10), which was licensed based on non-inferiority of immunological correlates of protection compared with the seven-valent vaccine. The schedule comprised three primary doses at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months, and a booster dose at age 12 months. A single catch-up dose was offered for children aged 12-23 months at the time of introduction. We assessed PCV10 effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease in Brazilian children.

Methods: Invasive pneumococcal disease, defined as isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or another normally sterile site, was identified in children age-eligible for at least one PCV10 dose through laboratory-based and hospital-based surveillance in ten states in Brazil from March 1, 2010, until Dec 31, 2012. We aimed to identify four age-matched and neighbourhood-matched controls for each case. We used conditional logistic regression and calculated PCV10 effectiveness as (1-adjusted matched odds ratio) × 100% for vaccine-type and vaccine-related serotypes (ie, in the same serogroup as a vaccine serotype).

Findings: In 316 cases (median age 13·2 months, range 2·6-53·1) and 1219 controls (13·3 months, 2·6-53·1), the adjusted effectiveness of an age-appropriate PCV10 schedule was 83·8% (95% CI 65·9-92·3) against vaccine serotypes, and 77·9% (41·0-91·7) against vaccine-related serotypes. Serotype-specific effectiveness was shown for the two most common vaccine serotypes-14 (87·7%, 60·8-96·1) and 6B (82·8%, 23·8-96·1)-and serotype 19A (82·2%, 10·7-96·4), a serotype related to vaccine serotype 19F. A single catch-up dose in children aged 12-23 months was effective against vaccine-type disease (68·0%, 17·6-87·6). No significant effectiveness was shown against non-vaccine serotypes for age-appropriate or catch-up schedules.

Interpretation: In the routine immunisation programme in Brazil, PCV10 prevents invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes. PCV10 might provide cross-protection against some vaccine-related serotypes.

Funding: Brazilian Ministry of Health, Pan-American Health Organization, and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Citing Articles

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