The Impact of Duration of One Bout Treadmill Exercise on Cell Proliferation and Central Fatigue in Rats

Overview

Journal J Exerc Rehabil

Date 2013 Nov 28

PMID 24282806

Citations 12

Authors

Sang-Won Lee

Yeon-Soo Kim

Tae-Won Jun

Jin-Hee Seo

Kijeong Kim

Mal-Soon Shin

Chang-Ju Kim

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the duration-dependence of the one bout treadmill exercise on cell proliferation, stress, and central fatigue in rats. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: the non-exercise group, 1-h exercise group, 2-h exercise group, 4-h exercise group, and 6-h exercise group. The exercise load consisted of running at speed of 13 meters/min with the 0° inclination. Cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was increased in response to one bout moderate treadmill exercise in all exercise groups. But there was no statistical significance between the exercise duration and cell proliferation. The optical density of glucocorticoid (GR)-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was not changed by treadmill exercise at any exercise duration. Expressions of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and tryptophan hyroxylase (TPH) were increased by treadmill exercise only at 6 h duration. It seemed like that there was no additional benefits on cell proliferation over 2 h exercise due to stressful factors with over exercise dose, and there was no change of GR expression due to early assessment point of time. It can be suggested that the one-bout of moderate treadmill exercise increased cell proliferation, but treadmill exercise prolonged to 6 h induced central fatigue in rats.

Citing Articles

Interactions between Lateral Hypothalamic Orexin and Dorsal Raphe Circuitry in Energy Balance.

Mavanji V, Pomonis B, Shekels L, Kotz C Brain Sci. 2024; 14(5).

PMID: 38790443 PMC: 11117928. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050464.

Environmental Enrichment and Physical Exercise Attenuate the Depressive-Like Effects Induced by Social Isolation Stress in Rats.

Brenes J, Fornaguera J, Sequeira-Cordero A Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:804.

PMID: 32547399 PMC: 7272682. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00804.

Glucagon-like peptide-2 rescues memory impairments and neuropathological changes in a mouse model of dementia induced by the intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin.

Sasaki-Hamada S, Ikeda M, Oka J Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):13723.

PMID: 31548563 PMC: 6757030. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50167-3.

A Rat Model of Central Fatigue Using a Modified Multiple Platform Method.

Zhang W, Zhang W, Dai N, Han C, Wu F, Wang X J Vis Exp. 2018; (138).

PMID: 30175994 PMC: 6126791. DOI: 10.3791/57362.

Effective robotic assistive pattern of treadmill training for spinal cord injury in a rat model.

Zhao B, Li W, Zhou X, Wu S, Cao H, Bao Z Exp Ther Med. 2018; 15(4):3283-3294.

PMID: 29545846 PMC: 5840943. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5822.

References

Lim B, Jang M, Shin M, Kim H, Kim Y, Kim Y . Caffeine inhibits exercise-induced increase in tryptophan hydroxylase expression in dorsal and median raphe of Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurosci Lett. 2001; 308(1):25-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01980-2. View

Naylor A, Persson A, Eriksson P, Jonsdottir I, Thorlin T . Extended voluntary running inhibits exercise-induced adult hippocampal progenitor proliferation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Neurophysiol. 2004; 93(5):2406-14. DOI: 10.1152/jn.01085.2004. View

Heine V, Maslam S, Zareno J, Joels M, Lucassen P . Suppressed proliferation and apoptotic changes in the rat dentate gyrus after acute and chronic stress are reversible. Eur J Neurosci. 2004; 19(1):131-44. DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.03100.x. View

Holmes M, Galea L, Mistlberger R, Kempermann G . Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and voluntary running activity: circadian and dose-dependent effects. J Neurosci Res. 2004; 76(2):216-22. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20039. View

Oakley R, Cidlowski J . Homologous down regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor: the molecular machinery. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 1993; 3(2):63-88. View

Kim C, Lee S, Shin J, Chung K, Lee S, Shin M . Exposure to music and noise during pregnancy influences neurogenesis and thickness in motor and somatosensory cortex of rat pups. Int Neurourol J. 2013; 17(3):107-13. PMC: 3797889. DOI: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.3.107. View

Seo J, Sung Y, Kim K, Shin M, Lee E, Kim C . Effects of Phellinus linteus administration on serotonin synthesis in the brain and expression of monocarboxylate transporters in the muscle during exhaustive exercise in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2011; 57(1):95-103. DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.95. View

Kim Y, Kim H, Shin M, Chang H, Jang M, Shin M . Age-dependence of the effect of treadmill exercise on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of rats. Neurosci Lett. 2004; 355(1-2):152-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.005. View

Jacobs B, Azmitia E . Structure and function of the brain serotonin system. Physiol Rev. 1992; 72(1):165-229. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.165. View

10.

Eriksson P, Perfilieva E, Bjork-Eriksson T, Alborn A, Nordborg C, Peterson D . Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med. 1998; 4(11):1313-7. DOI: 10.1038/3305. View

11.

Bailey S, Davis J, Ahlborn E . Neuroendocrine and substrate responses to altered brain 5-HT activity during prolonged exercise to fatigue. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993; 74(6):3006-12. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.6.3006. View

12.

Burnstein K, Jewell C, Cidlowski J . Human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA contains sequences sufficient for receptor down-regulation. J Biol Chem. 1990; 265(13):7284-91. View

13.

Reynolds B, Weiss S . Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science. 1992; 255(5052):1707-10. DOI: 10.1126/science.1553558. View

14.

Tanapat P, Hastings N, Rydel T, Galea L, Gould E . Exposure to fox odor inhibits cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult rats via an adrenal hormone-dependent mechanism. J Comp Neurol. 2001; 437(4):496-504. DOI: 10.1002/cne.1297. View

15.

Kim Y, Kim H, Jang M, Lim B, Kim Y, Kim H . Magnitude- and time-dependence of the effect of treadmill exercise on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of rats. Int J Sports Med. 2003; 24(2):114-7. DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-38202. View

16.

Gould E, McEwen B, Tanapat P, Galea L, Fuchs E . Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult tree shrew is regulated by psychosocial stress and NMDA receptor activation. J Neurosci. 1997; 17(7):2492-8. PMC: 6573503. View

17.

Kalman B, Spencer R . Rapid corticosteroid-dependent regulation of mineralocorticoid receptor protein expression in rat brain. Endocrinology. 2002; 143(11):4184-95. DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-220375. View

18.

Droste S, Gesing A, Ulbricht S, Muller M, Linthorst A, Reul J . Effects of long-term voluntary exercise on the mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Endocrinology. 2003; 144(7):3012-23. DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0097. View

19.

Wong E, Herbert J . Roles of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the regulation of progenitor proliferation in the adult hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci. 2005; 22(4):785-92. PMC: 1592225. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04277.x. View

20.

Heine V, Maslam S, Joels M, Lucassen P . Increased P27KIP1 protein expression in the dentate gyrus of chronically stressed rats indicates G1 arrest involvement. Neuroscience. 2004; 129(3):593-601. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.048. View