In Vitro Inhibition of Mumps Virus by Retinoids
Overview
Authors
Affiliations
Background: Mumps virus (MuV) is a highly infectious paramyxovirus closely related to measles virus (MeV). Despite the availability of a mumps vaccine, outbreaks continue to occur and no treatment options are available. Vitamin A and other naturally occurring retinoids inhibit the replication of MeV in vitro.
Methods: Anti-viral effects of retinoids were observed in cell culture using the myelomonocytic U937, NB4/R4, and Huh7/7.5 cells. Observations of anti-viral effect were quantified using TCID50 analysis. Molecular properties of the antiviral effect were analysed using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot.
Results: The current work demonstrates that retinoids inhibit MuV in vitro due to up-regulation of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN stimulated genes. This effect is mediated by nuclear retinoid receptor signalling and RIG-I is required. The antiviral retinoid-induced state makes cells less permissive to viral replication from subsequent challenge with either MuV or MeV for less than 12 hours.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that retinoids inhibit MuV replication in uninfected bystander cells through a retinoid inducible gene I (RIG-I), retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and IFN dependent manner making them refractory to subsequent rounds of viral replication. These observations raise the possibility that pharmacological doses of retinoids might have clinical benefit in MuV infection.
Retinoic Acid-Mediated Inhibition of Mouse Coronavirus Replication Is Dependent on IRF3 and CaMKK.
Franco J, Harris R, Ryan W, Taylor R, McCullumsmith R, Chattopadhyay S Viruses. 2024; 16(1).
PMID: 38257840 PMC: 10819102. DOI: 10.3390/v16010140.
Carotenoids: Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Remediation.
Gandla K, Babu A, Unnisa A, Sharma I, Singh L, Haque M Brain Sci. 2023; 13(3).
PMID: 36979267 PMC: 10046158. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030457.
Singh N, Chawla H, Kumar A, Singh S Int J Prev Med. 2022; 13:122.
PMID: 36276889 PMC: 9580552. DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_683_20.
All-trans retinoic acid increases the pathogenicity of the H9N2 influenza virus in mice.
Niu X, Wang H, Zhao L, Lian P, Bai Y, Li J Virol J. 2022; 19(1):113.
PMID: 35764970 PMC: 9238145. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01809-y.
Mitra S, Paul S, Roy S, Sutradhar H, Emran T, Nainu F Molecules. 2022; 27(2).
PMID: 35056870 PMC: 8779769. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020555.