» Articles » PMID: 24177973

Enzymatic Conversion of Dihydroflavonols to Flavan-3,4-diols Using Flower Extracts of Dianthus Caryophyllus L. (carnation)

Overview
Journal Planta
Specialty Biology
Date 2013 Nov 2
PMID 24177973
Citations 14
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

Flavonoid analysis and supplementation experiments with dihydroflavonols and leucocyanidin on two cyanic, two acyanic and one white/red-variegated flowering strain of Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) showed that in the acyanic strains recessive alleles (aa) of the gene A interrupt the anthocyanin pathway between dihydroflavonols and leucoanthocyanidins. The instability in the variegated strain involves the same step and is obviously caused by the multiple allele a (var) . In confirmation of these results, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase activity could be demonstrated in enzyme extracts from cyanic flowers and cyanic parts of variegated flowers but not in preparations from acyanic flowers or acyanic parts. The enzyme catalyzes the stereospecific reduction of (+)dihydrokaempferol to (+)-3,4-leucopelargonidin with NADPH as cofactor. A pH optimum around 7.0 and a temperature optimum at 30° C was determined, but the reduction reaction also proceeded at low temperatures. (+)Dihydroquercetin and (+)dihydromyricetin were also reduced to the respective flavan-3,4-cis-diols by the enzyme preparations from carnation flowers, and were even better substrates than dihydrokaempferol.

Citing Articles

Anthocyanin Genes Involved in the Flower Coloration Mechanisms of .

Zhou Z, Ying Z, Wu Z, Yang Y, Fu S, Xu W Front Plant Sci. 2021; 12:737815.

PMID: 34712257 PMC: 8545884. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.737815.


Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in relation to color mutation in miniature roses.

Lu J, Zhang Q, Lang L, Jiang C, Wang X, Sun H BMC Plant Biol. 2021; 21(1):257.

PMID: 34088264 PMC: 8176584. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03063-w.


Transcriptomic and chemical analyses to identify candidate genes involved in color variation of sainfoin flowers.

Qiao Y, Cheng Q, Zhang Y, Yan W, Yi F, Shi F BMC Plant Biol. 2021; 21(1):61.

PMID: 33482728 PMC: 7825240. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02827-8.


The Evolution of Flavonoid Biosynthesis: A Bryophyte Perspective.

Davies K, Jibran R, Zhou Y, Albert N, Brummell D, Jordan B Front Plant Sci. 2020; 11:7.

PMID: 32117358 PMC: 7010833. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00007.


Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers the Role of Anthocyanin Metabolism in .

Lang X, Li N, Li L, Zhang S Int J Genomics. 2019; 2019:4393905.

PMID: 31781588 PMC: 6874964. DOI: 10.1155/2019/4393905.


References
1.
Spribille R, Forkmann G . Chalcone synthesis and hydroxylation of flavonoids in 3'-position with enzyme preparations from flowers of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (carnation). Planta. 2013; 155(2):176-82. DOI: 10.1007/BF00392549. View

2.
Stafford H, Lester H . Flavan-3-ol Biosynthesis : The Conversion of (+)-Dihydromyricetin to Its Flavan-3,4-Diol (Leucodelphinidin) and to (+)-Gallocatechin by Reductases Extracted from Tissue Cultures of Ginkgo biloba and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Plant Physiol. 1985; 78(4):791-4. PMC: 1064823. DOI: 10.1104/pp.78.4.791. View

3.
BARTON G . Detection of 3-hydroxyflavanones on papergrams and thin-layer plates. J Chromatogr. 1968; 34(4):562. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(68)80113-x. View

4.
Fischer D, Stich K, Britsch L, Grisebach H . Purification and characterization of (+)dihydroflavonol (3-hydroxyflavanone) 4-reductase from flowers of Dahlia variabilis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1988; 264(1):40-7. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90567-x. View

5.
Teusch M . Uridine 5'-diphosphate-xylose: anthocyanidin 3-O-glucose-xylosyltransferase from petals of Matthiola incana R.Br. Planta. 2013; 169(4):559-63. DOI: 10.1007/BF00392107. View