Platelets: A Possible Glance into Brain Biological Processes in Schizophrenia

Overview

Journal World J Psychiatry

Publisher Baishideng Publishing Group

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2013 Nov 1

PMID 24175178

Citations 16

Authors

Eyal Asor

Dorit Ben-Shachar

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, characterized by behavioral, emotional and cognitive disturbances, which commonly follows a chronic course. Diagnostic accuracy, management plans, treatment evaluation and prognosis are dependent on relatively subjective assessments. Despite extensive research and improvement in imaging technology, as well as modern genetic and molecular methodologies, the biological basis of this disease is still unclear. Therefore, there is a need for objective and valid biological markers. Platelets have often been used as a model in neurobiological research. The accessibility of platelets and their similarities with neurons turns them into an attractive candidate to search for biological markers for diagnosis and for unraveling pathophysiological processes relevant to the etiology of brain disorders, including schizophrenia. The present review addresses the main changes in platelet physiology observed in schizophrenia and its response to antipsychotic medication. We summarize numerous studies demonstrating impaired metabolism, uptake and receptor kinetics of schizophrenia-relevant neurotransmitters, abnormalities in membrane derived phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as dysfunctions in the mitochondria. These changes fit with the various hypotheses raised for the etiology of schizophrenia, including the dopamine-glutamate hypothesis, the autoimmune hypothesis, the polyunsaturated fatty acid hypothesis and the impaired energy metabolism hypothesis. Despite extensive research in platelets, no conclusive reliable biomarker has been identified yet. This review suggests that the clinical heterogeneity and the biological complexity of schizophrenia lead to the inevitable conclusion that biomarkers will be identified only for subgroups characterized according to the different diagnostic criteria. Moreover, any biomarker would have to be an array of interrelated factors or even a set of several such arrays.

Citing Articles

Glutamate Receptor Dysregulation and Platelet Glutamate Dynamics in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Insights into Current Medications.

Gautam D, Naik U, Naik M, Yadav S, Chaurasia R, Dash D Biomolecules. 2023; 13(11).

PMID: 38002291 PMC: 10669830. DOI: 10.3390/biom13111609.

Predicting the Cognitive Ability of Young Women Using a New Feature Selection Algorithm.

Arzehgar A, Davarinia F, Ferns G, Hakimi A, Bahrami A J Mol Neurosci. 2023; 73(7-8):678-691.

PMID: 37581703 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02145-8.

Cannabis use selectively modulates circulating biomarkers in the blood of schizophrenia patients.

Ibarra-Lecue I, Unzueta-Larrinaga P, Barrena-Barbadillo R, Villate A, Horrillo I, Mendivil B Addict Biol. 2022; 27(6):e13233.

PMID: 36301212 PMC: 9539611. DOI: 10.1111/adb.13233.

Known and Unexplored Post-Translational Modification Pathways in Schizophrenia.

Smith B, Carregari V Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022; 1400:75-87.

PMID: 35930227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97182-3_6.

Reduced Platelet MAO-B Activity Is Associated with Psychotic, Positive, and Depressive Symptoms in PTSD.

Repovecki S, Nedic Erjavec G, Uzun S, Tudor L, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M Biomolecules. 2022; 12(5).

PMID: 35625663 PMC: 9138660. DOI: 10.3390/biom12050736.

References

Odagaki Y, Koyama T . Epinephrine- and thrombin-stimulated high-affinity GTPase activity in platelet membranes from patients with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2002; 112(2):111-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00189-0. View

Gaddum J . Antagonism between lysergic acid diethylamide and 5-hydroxytryptamine. J Physiol. 1953; 121(1):15P. View

Dean B, Sundram S, Hill C, Copolov D . Platelet [3H]dopamine uptake is differentially affected by neuroleptic drug treatment in schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1996; 20(1):45-55. DOI: 10.1016/0278-5846(95)00291-x. View

Engstrom G, Alling C, Gustavsson P, Oreland L, Traskman-Bendz L . Clinical characteristics and biological parameters in temperamental clusters of suicide attempters. J Affect Disord. 1997; 44(1):45-55. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00029-3. View

Dinan T . Serotonin and the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Life Sci. 1996; 58(20):1683-94. DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00066-5. View

Arora R, Meltzer H . Serotonin2 receptor binding in blood platelets of schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res. 1993; 47(2):111-9. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90041-e. View

White H, McLeod M, Davidson J . Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1976; 133(10):1191-3. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.133.10.1191. View

Kaiya H . Prostaglandin E1 suppression of platelet aggregation response in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1991; 5(1):67-80. DOI: 10.1016/0920-9964(91)90055-v. View

Meltzer H, Zureick J . Relationship of auditory hallucinations and paranoia to platelet MAO activity in schizophrenics: sex and race interactions. Psychiatry Res. 1987; 22(2):99-109. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(87)90097-7. View

10.

Muck-Seler D, Jakovljevic M, DEANOVIC Z . Platelet serotonin in subtypes of schizophrenia and unipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. 1991; 38(2):105-13. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90036-o. View

11.

Burbaeva G, Boksha I, Tereshkina E, Savushkina O, Turishcheva M, Starodubtseva L . Effect of olanzapine treatment on platelet glutamine synthetase-like protein and glutamate dehydrogenase immunoreactivity in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2006; 7(2):75-81. DOI: 10.1080/15622970510029957. View

12.

Cameron O, Nesse R . Systemic hormonal and physiological abnormalities in anxiety disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1988; 13(4):287-307. DOI: 10.1016/0306-4530(88)90054-6. View

13.

Muck-Seler D, Pivac N, Jakovljevic M, Brzovic Z . Platelet serotonin, plasma cortisol, and dexamethasone suppression test in schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1999; 45(11):1433-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00174-7. View

14.

Kanof P, Davidson M, Johns C, Mohs R, Davis K . Clinical correlates of platelet prostaglandin receptor subsensitivity in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1987; 144(12):1556-60. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.144.12.1556. View

15.

von Knorring A, Hallman J, von Knorring L, Oreland L . Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in type 1 and type 2 alcoholism. Alcohol Alcohol. 1991; 26(4):409-16. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a045132. View

16.

Baron M, Risch N, Levitt M, Gruen R . Genetic analysis of platelet monoamine oxidase activity in families of schizophrenic patients. J Psychiatr Res. 1985; 19(1):9-21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(85)90064-0. View

17.

McGlashan T, Fenton W . The positive-negative distinction in schizophrenia. Review of natural history validators. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992; 49(1):63-72. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820010063008. View

18.

Garelis E, Gillin J, Wyatt R, NEFF N . Elevated blood serotonin concentrations in unmediated chronic schizophrenic patients: a preliminary study. Am J Psychiatry. 1975; 132(2):184-6. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.132.2.184. View

19.

Jackman H, Meltzer H . Factors affecting determination of platelet monoamine oxidase activity. Schizophr Bull. 1980; 6(2):259-66. DOI: 10.1093/schbul/6.2.259. View

20.

Strunecka A, ripova D . What can the investigation of phosphoinositide signaling system in platelets of schizophrenic patients tell us?. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1999; 61(1):1-5. DOI: 10.1054/plef.1999.0063. View