Retroviral Infections in Sheep and Goats: Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Host Interaction

Overview

Journal Viruses

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2013 Aug 23

PMID 23965529

Citations 33

Authors

Amaia Larruskain

Begona M Jugo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are members of the Retrovirus family comprising the closely related Visna/Maedi Virus (VMV) and the Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV), which infect sheep and goats. Both infect cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and cause lifelong infections. Infection by VMV and CAEV can lead to Visna/Maedi (VM) and Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE) respectively, slow progressive inflammatory diseases primarily affecting the lungs, nervous system, joints and mammary glands. VM and CAE are distributed worldwide and develop over a period of months or years, always leading to the death of the host, with the consequent economic and welfare implications. Currently, the control of VM and CAE relies on the control of transmission and culling of infected animals. However, there is evidence that host genetics play an important role in determining Susceptibility/Resistance to SRLV infection and disease progression, but little work has been performed in small ruminants. More research is necessary to understand the host-SRLV interaction.

Citing Articles

Characterization of a recombinant Sendai virus vector encoding the small ruminant lentivirus gag-P25: antiviral properties in vitro and transgene expression in sheep.

Gomez A, Glaria I, Moncayola I, Echeverria I, Arrizabalaga J, Rodriguez-Largo A Vet Res. 2025; 56(1):51.

PMID: 40055839 PMC: 11889777. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-025-01475-2.

Molecular Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep and Goats: A Systematic Review.

Gobbi P, Pavone S, Orso M, Passamonti F, Righi C, Beato M Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(23).

PMID: 39682510 PMC: 11640545. DOI: 10.3390/ani14233545.

Retroviral coinfection (Jaagsiekte and Maedi-Visna viruses) in sheep with pulmonary tumors in Transylvania (Romania): retrospective study on 82 cases.

Hodor D, Toma C, Negoescu A, Olech M, Gordon D, Catoi C Front Vet Sci. 2024; 11:1457971.

PMID: 39286598 PMC: 11402891. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1457971.

Distribution of maedi-visna virus in different organs of the spontaneously affected small ruminants in India.

Valecha S, Yadav H, Roopa N, Vinaykumar S, Bhardwaj M, Singh V Iran J Vet Res. 2024; 25(1):41-47.

PMID: 39156799 PMC: 11327649. DOI: 10.22099/IJVR.2024.47429.6844.

Differential gene expression and immune cell infiltration in maedi-visna virus-infected lung tissues.

Shi X, Zhang Y, Chen S, Du X, Zhang P, Duan X BMC Genomics. 2024; 25(1):534.

PMID: 38816794 PMC: 11141007. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10448-2.

References

Hotzel I, Cheevers W . A maedi-visna virus strain K1514 receptor gene is located in sheep chromosome 3p and the syntenic region of human chromosome 2. J Gen Virol. 2002; 83(Pt 7):1759-1764. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-7-1759. View

Ravazzolo A, Nenci C, Vogt H, Waldvogel A, Obexer-Ruff G, Peterhans E . Viral load, organ distribution, histopathological lesions, and cytokine mRNA expression in goats infected with a molecular clone of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. Virology. 2006; 350(1):116-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.014. View

Patel J, Heldens J, Bakonyi T, Rusvai M . Important mammalian veterinary viral immunodiseases and their control. Vaccine. 2012; 30(10):1767-81. PMC: 7130670. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.014. View

Leroux C, Vuillermoz S, Mornex J, Greenland T . Genomic heterogeneity in the pol region of ovine lentiviruses obtained from bronchoalveolar cells of infected sheep from France. J Gen Virol. 1995; 76 ( Pt 6):1533-7. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-76-6-1533. View

Cheevers W, Snekvik K, Trujillo J, Kumpula-McWhirter N, Pretty On Top K, Knowles D . Prime-boost vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding caprine-arthritis encephalitis lentivirus env and viral SU suppresses challenge virus and development of arthritis. Virology. 2003; 306(1):116-25. DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(02)00044-2. View

Broughton-Neiswanger L, White S, Knowles D, Mousel M, Lewis G, Herndon D . Non-maternal transmission is the major mode of ovine lentivirus transmission in a ewe flock: a molecular epidemiology study. Infect Genet Evol. 2010; 10(7):998-1007. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.06.007. View

Oskarsson T, Hreggvidsdottir H, Agnarsdottir G, Matthiasdottir S, Ogmundsdottir M, Jonsson S . Duplicated sequence motif in the long terminal repeat of maedi-visna virus extends cell tropism and is associated with neurovirulence. J Virol. 2007; 81(8):4052-7. PMC: 1866131. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02319-06. View

Keen J, Hungerford L, Wittum T, Kwang J, Littledike E . Risk factors for seroprevalence of ovine lentivirus in breeding ewe flocks in Nebraska, USA. Prev Vet Med. 1997; 30(2):81-94. DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5877(96)01121-x. View

Houwers D, Visscher A, Defize P . Importance of ewe/lamb relationship and breed in the epidemiology of maedi-visna virus infections. Res Vet Sci. 1989; 46(1):5-8. View

10.

Blacklaws B, Bird P, McConnell I . Early events in infection of lymphoid tissue by a lentivirus, maedi-visna. Trends Microbiol. 1995; 3(11):434-40. DOI: 10.1016/s0966-842x(00)88997-0. View

11.

Pepin M, Vitu C, Russo P, Mornex J, Peterhans E . Maedi-visna virus infection in sheep: a review. Vet Res. 1998; 29(3-4):341-67. View

12.

Perry L, Wilkerson M, Hullinger G, Cheevers W . Depressed CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferative response and enhanced antibody response to viral antigen in chronic lentivirus-induced arthritis. J Infect Dis. 1995; 171(2):328-34. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/171.2.328. View

13.

Straub O . Maedi-Visna virus infection in sheep. History and present knowledge. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003; 27(1):1-5. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-9571(02)00078-4. View

14.

Lechner F, Machado J, Bertoni G, Seow H, Dobbelaere D, Peterhans E . Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus dysregulates the expression of cytokines in macrophages. J Virol. 1997; 71(10):7488-97. PMC: 192095. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.10.7488-7497.1997. View

15.

LaRue R, Lengyel J, Jonsson S, Andresdottir V, Harris R . Lentiviral Vif degrades the APOBEC3Z3/APOBEC3H protein of its mammalian host and is capable of cross-species activity. J Virol. 2010; 84(16):8193-201. PMC: 2916508. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00685-10. View

16.

Singh D, Chebloune Y, Karr B, Narayan O . Ovine lentivirus-infected macrophages mediate productive infection in cell types that are not susceptible to infection with cell-free virus. J Gen Virol. 1999; 80 ( Pt 6):1437-1444. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-6-1437. View

17.

Konnai S, Takeshima S, Tajima S, Yin S, Okada K, Onuma M . The influence of ovine MHC class II DRB1 alleles on immune response in bovine leukemia virus infection. Microbiol Immunol. 2003; 47(3):223-32. DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03391.x. View

18.

Cordell H, Clayton D . Genetic association studies. Lancet. 2005; 366(9491):1121-31. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67424-7. View

19.

Huthoff H, Towers G . Restriction of retroviral replication by APOBEC3G/F and TRIM5alpha. Trends Microbiol. 2008; 16(12):612-9. PMC: 3556578. DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2008.08.013. View

20.

Watt N, MacIntyre N, Collie D, Sargan D, McConnell I . Phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte populations in the lungs and regional lymphoid tissue of sheep naturally infected with maedi visna virus. Clin Exp Immunol. 1992; 90(2):204-8. PMC: 1554601. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb07929.x. View