Unchaining the Beast; Insights from Structural and Evolutionary Studies on TGFβ Secretion, Sequestration, and Activation

Overview

Journal Cytokine Growth Factor Rev

Date 2013 Jul 16

PMID 23849989

Citations 58

Authors

Ian B Robertson

Daniel B Rifkin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

TGFβ is secreted in a latent state and must be "activated" by molecules that facilitate its release from a latent complex and allow binding to high affinity cell surface receptors. Numerous molecules have been implicated as potential mediators of this activation process, but only a limited number of these activators have been demonstrated to play a role in TGFβ mobilisation in vivo. Here we review the process of TGFβ secretion and activation using evolutionary data, sequence conservation and structural information to examine the molecular mechanisms by which TGFβ is secreted, sequestered and released. This allows the separation of more ancient TGFβ activators from those factors that emerged more recently, and helps to define a potential hierarchy of activation mechanisms.

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